Metal ion release from fixed orthodontic appliances--an in vivo study

Introduction: Fluoride agents to prevent white spot lesions are used often during orthodontic treatment. The beneficial effects of fluoride, when consumed within permissible limits on dental structures, are well known. Their implications on underlying biological tissues, however, are unknown. Mouthwashes and dentifrices with fluorides are associated with metal ion release into the mouth with possible cell genotoxicity. Since these cariostatic agents are frequently used during orthodontic therapy, a deeper understanding of the effects of fluoride on oral tissues was considered necessary. Methodology: Three groups of patients (30 each)—group 1 (untreated controls), group 2 (non-fluoridated), and group 3 (Fluoridated) were analyzed. Patients in groups 2 and 3 were bonded with the same bracket prescription and treated with similar archwire sequences. Buccal mucosal cells at 4 specific time periods (before treatment, 1 week, 30 days, and 6 months) were collected, using a wooden tongue depressor, and assessed for any nuclear abnormalities. Comparisons of changes were made with an untreated control group and also between the non-fluoridated and fluoridated groups. Relevant conclusions were drawn after analysis of the results. Results: Greater number of nuclei were observed at the 30-day time interval in the fluoridated group, which was statistically significant at P < .001. Conclusion: Use of fluoridated oral hygiene products in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with NiTi archwires could increase the risk of micronuclei formation in buccal mucosal cells.

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Exposure to the oral environment enhances the corrosion of metal orthodontic appliances caused by fluoride-containing products: Cytotoxicity, metal ion release, and surface roughness

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics ◽

10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.03.035 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pintu-on Chantarawaratit ◽

Tipanan Yanisarapan

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Ion Release ◽

Metal Ion Release ◽

Oral Environment

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The effects of utilizing conventional etching versus self etch primer on the enamel color change after treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances: in vivo study

Egyptian Orthodontic Journal ◽

10.21608/eos.2017.77161 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (12) ◽

pp. 66-72

Author(s):

Ahmad Hafez

Keyword(s):

Color Change ◽

In Vivo Study ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Self Etch

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Copper and Cobalt Ions Released from Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Trigger Skin Sensitization

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.627781 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Sung-Hyun Kim ◽

Jin Hee Lee ◽

Kikyung Jung ◽

Jun-Young Yang ◽

Hyo-Sook Shin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metal Oxide ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Skin Sensitization ◽

Ion Release ◽

Metal Chlorides ◽

Cobalt Ions ◽

Metal Ion Release

Human skins are exposed to nanomaterials in everyday life from various sources such as nanomaterial-containing cosmetics, air pollutions, and industrial nanomaterials. Nanomaterials comprising metal haptens raises concerns about the skin sensitization to nanomaterials. In this study, we evaluated the skin sensitization of nanomaterials comparing metal haptens in vivo and in vitro. We selected five metal oxide NPs, containing copper oxide, cobalt monoxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, or titanium oxide, and two types of metal chlorides (CoCl2 and CuCl2), to compare the skin sensitization abilities between NPs and the constituent metals. The materials were applied to KeratinoSensTM cells for imitated skin-environment setting, and luciferase induction and cytotoxicity were evaluated at 48 h post-incubation. In addition, the response of metal oxide NPs was confirmed in lymph node of BALB/C mice via an in vivo method. The results showed that CuO and CoO NPs induce a similar pattern of positive luciferase induction and cytotoxicity compared to the respective metal chlorides; Co3O4, NiO, and TiO2 induced no such response. Collectively, the results implied fast-dissolving metal oxide (CuO and CoO) NPs release their metal ion, inducing skin sensitization. However, further investigations are required to elucidate the mechanism underlying NP-induced skin sensitization. Based on ion chelation data, metal ion release was confirmed as the major “factor” for skin sensitization.

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A Literature Review Study on Atomic Ions Dissolution of Titanium and Its Alloys in Implant Dentistry

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12030368 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 368 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Sammy Noumbissi ◽

Antonio Scarano ◽

Saurabh Gupta

Keyword(s):

Dental Implants ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

Ion Release ◽

Term Survival ◽

Metal Ion Release

This review of literature paper was done in order to conduct a review of the literature and an assessment of the effects of titanium implant corrosion on peri-implant health and success in the oral environment. This paper evaluates and critically reviews the findings of the multiple in-depth in vivo and in vitro studies that are related to corrosion aspects of the titanium and its alloys. A literature survey was conducted by electronic search in Medline and studies that were published between 1940 and August 2018 were selected. The search terms used were types of corrosion, corrosion of titanium implants, titanium corrosion, metal ion release from the titanium implants, fretting and pitting corrosion, implant corrosion, peri implantitis, and corrosion. Both in vivo and in vitro studies were also included in the review. The search and selection resulted in 64 articles. These articles were divided on the basis of their context to different kinds of corrosion related to titanium dental implants. It is evident that metal ions are released from titanium and titanium alloy dental implants as a result of corrosion. Corrosion of implants is multifactorial, including electrical, chemical, and mechanical factors, which have an effect on the peri-implant tissues and microbiota. The literature surveyed showed that corrosion related to titanium and its alloys has an effect on the health of peri-implant soft and hard tissue and the long term survival of metal dental implants. It can be concluded that presence of the long-term corrosion reaction along with continuous corrosion leads to the release of ions into the peri-implant tissue but also to a disintegration of the implant that contribute to material fatigue and even fracture of the abutments and implant body or both. This combined impact of the corrosion, bacterial activity, chemical reactions, and functional stresses are to be looked at as important factors of implant failure. The findings can be used to explore the possible strategies of research to investigate the biological impact of implant materials.

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