Factor endowments and international trade: a study of land embodied in trade on the Baltic Sea region, 1750–1856

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-735
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Theodoridis ◽  
Klas Rönnbäck ◽  
Werner Scheltjens
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The One ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract Baltic trade is one of the key examples of flourishing economic activity in early modern European history. This study empirically outlines the role of comparative resource advantages between 1750 and 1856, using trade data from the Sound Toll Registers Online. On the one hand, the results show the significance of relative land abundance for trade patterns between the Baltic Sea region and North-Western Europe: the land abundant Baltic Sea region was overall exporting more land-intensive commodities. On the other hand, however, the results also show a seeming paradox: increasing trade openness during the nineteenth century was not associated with a higher degree of specialization along these comparative advantages.

Grain Market Integration in the Baltic Sea Region in the Nineteenth Century

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik N.G. Andersson ◽  
Jonas Ljungberg
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Dynamic Factor Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Factor ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Atlantic Economy ◽  
The Baltic

This article explores the development of market integration within the Baltic Sea region and with England, from the 1840s to the late 1880s. It exploits two new datasets on grain prices. The degree of market integration is estimated using a wavelet variant of dynamic factor analysis that takes account of both time and distance. Additionally, we use the London corn market as the benchmark for the degree of market integration. Our results show that the role of distance disappeared in the wheat and rye, but not in the oats and barley trade, as the Baltic Sea Region became integrated into the Atlantic economy.

scholarly journals Role of Air Cargo and Road Feeder Services for Regional Airports – Case Studies from the Baltic Sea Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoli Beifert
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Air Cargo ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Regional Airports

Abstract Although airports play an important role the global and European economies, according to the new guidelines of the EU Commission on the new state aid rules for a competitive aviation industry (EC, 2014), it will be more difficult for unprofitable airports, to get financial public subsidies in the future. The Commission noted that the majority of regional airports experience severe problems to cover their operative costs, resulting from among other things from overlapping of airports’ catchment areas. The main objective of the above mentioned measures is not to close the regional airports, but to motivate them to operate on cost efficient, profitable and more flexible basis, stating however that and that the most inefficient airports will be still closed. In order face upcoming challenges, the regional airports shall reconsider their future development plans. Traditionally, the airports including small and regional airports focus on the passenger traffic and thus, the possible benefits and opportunities of the air cargo market are totally underestimated or even completely ignored. Most regional airports in the Baltic Sea region act totally isolated and do not have a clear picture of the current situation on the international air cargo market today, its future perspectives and sustainable development plans remain basically hidden. There are some examples when trying to meet the market demand, the regional airports have made huge, but unfortunately unjustified investments, e.g. improving airport infrastructure, runways, etc. However, the airports’ infrastructural investments alone cannot fulfil the expected “remedy” role for the airports’ sustainability. This paper aims at investigating the positioning and the role of the regional airports in the current hub-and-spoke network, focusing on the relevance and potential of the air cargo sector for the regional airports development. The optional freight value proposition for the development of the regional airports and their possible participation in the air cargo market as a supplement instrument to generate additional revenue also by means of so-called “air trucking” services will be presented and discussed.

International migration between Finland and the Baltic Sea Region

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elli Heikkilä
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
The Baltic

Immigration from the former socialist countries into Western Europe generally increased after the fall of the Iron Curtain. This was also apparent with respect to the Nordic labour markets and Finland where the share of immigrants grew from countries around the Baltic Sea Region. The main immigrant groups come to Finland from Sweden, Russia and Estonia. Immigration from Poland, Lithuania and Latvia has not played such an important role. This paper analyses the volume and integration of immigrants from the selected countries of Baltic Sea Region. Integration can be measured by their performance in the Finnish labour markets. 

scholarly journals Containerisation in the Baltic Sea Region: Development, Characteristics and Contemporary Organisation

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-25
Author(s):  
Arnaud Serry
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
System Development ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Baltic

The main focus of the paper is on the container system development in the Baltic Sea Region studying cotemporary changes and organisation, as well as explaining the main driving forces of this situation. The Baltic Sea is a transport corridor between Eastern and Western Europe. Over the last decade maritime transport in the Baltic Sea area has changed significantly. The disintegration of the Soviet Union forced Russia to start developing its own Baltic ports and terminals and to find new routes to export its oil and gas. The Baltic ports have welcomed a remarkable growth, especially in oil transportation and containerised flows. The geographical configuration of the region naturally places it away from major global shipping lines. This situation is accentuated by the organisation of maritime regular lines, centred in Northern European ports. For this reason, the regional container network is mainly made up of feeder services.

scholarly journals Cooperation, Media and Framing Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (s1) ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Jönsson ◽  
Mikael Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Media Framing ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
The One ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractCooperation and communication play an important role for environmental governance. This holds true for the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe, one of the most disturbed ecosystems in the world, where insufficient cooperation between different stakeholders is one reason for goal failure. This article addresses the linkages between (media) framing on the one hand, and cooperation on the other. The case in focus is a set of negotiations related to the Baltic Sea Action Plan, the most central governance strategy in the Baltic Sea region. Our results show that in order to influence political decision-making, key stakeholders compete over the power to define and interpret problems, causes and solutions to an extent impeding cooperation. We focus the analysis on eutrophication, which we show to be a complex and controversial topic, framed in incompatible ways by different stakeholders.

scholarly journals A Digital or Sustainable Small and Medium-Sized Port? Sustainable Port Blueprint in the Baltic Sea Region Based on Port Benchmarking

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-342
Author(s):  
Christopher Meyer ◽  
Laima Gerlitz ◽  
Robert Philipp ◽  
Vytautas Paulauskas
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Core Network ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The One ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Small and medium-sized ports (SMSPs) in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) are caught in a dilemma of less financial support by the European funding programmes due to their peripheral position in the TEN-T Core Network. Most of the BSR ports belong to the TEN-T Comprehensive Network, which is rationally less important in the topical financial, infrastructural and policy discourses. Despite this, BSR ports are of a colossal importance for the regional economic development serving as gateways for the individual regions and drivers of socio-economic and environmental transition. In addition, ports are essential in pursuing new innovation avenues. The environmental targets published by the European Commission for maritime sector in 2030 and 2050 are applicable for SMSPs as well, creating further obstacles and future challenges on the one hand, but opening new horizons to grow and innovate on the other one. A successful environmental and digital transformation going hand in hand in SMSPs enable sustainable boost of sustainable development. Thus, as a first step, the assessment of sustainable readiness in SMSPs is incumbent in order to implement tailor-made solutions on individual basis, by ensuring efficient usage of available resources and capabilities. In line with the Connect2SmallPorts project, part-financed by the INTERREG South Baltic Programme, 38 SMSPs in the BSR were approached to mapping their digital readiness according to the methodology of the Digital Readiness Index for Ports (DRIP), published within the project in 2020. Building upon this, this paper introduces the idea of digital and environmental twinning to conclude on sustainable development potentials in SMSPs with an adaptation of the DRIP score. Hence, the research contributes to the sustainable port concept and illustrates the positioning of SMSPs in the progress of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Regional higher education co-operation: a research proposal to compare the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea regions

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-224
Author(s):  
Stefan Ewert
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Baltic

While the Baltic Sea Region is considered to be a pioneer region in the development of regional integration and identity, the Black Sea Region is regarded to be a laggard in terms of regionali¬zation and region building. My paper summarizes the role of regional higher education co-operation in the Baltic Sea regionalization process in theory and analyzes the empirical background of these assumptions. Yet, inasmuch an evaluation of the regions` status as a pioneer is possible only in a comparative perspective, I propose to compare the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea Region regarding their higher education networks systematically. My paper asks for the transferability of arguments in favor of a strong regional higher education co-operation in the Baltic Sea Region since the 1990s to today’s situation of the Black Sea Region. It concludes with some fundamental considerations on a comparative research project.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document