scholarly journals Kaposi sarcoma in HIV-positive children: what are the symptoms and pathophysiology?

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Corrêa ◽  
J W Barretto ◽  
L Gusso ◽  
O S Erdmann ◽  
R S Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Western World ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Predicting Factor

Abstract Background Introduction: Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is a tumour caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). It is more prevalent in Oriental Africa when compared to countries in the western world, and it is more aggressive in children, with a death rate close to 60%. Aims: clarify the symptoms and pathophysiology of the paediatric KS associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), given the poor scientific production on the topic, and the fact that the knowledge of this disease on children is only an extrapolation of what is known in the adult. Methods Materials and methods: integrative review based on articles found in PubMed database, using the MeSH-indexed descriptors: ‘Children’ AND ‘Kaposi sarcoma’ AND ‘HIV infections’. Results Results: the seven selected studies show that, in HIV-positive children with KS, the prevalent symptoms are: skin lesions in multiple or unique sites, either isolated or associated with other lesions, such as oral and visceral, with the possibility of gastrointestinal bleeding, which could be deadly; lymphadenopathy in axillary, inguinal and cervical regions; respiratory symptoms; and anasarca. As for the pathophysiology, the most common occurrences are: cytopenia (anaemia and thrombocytopenia), both varying from moderate to severe; increased levels of CD4+ lymphocytes, which could act as predicting factor for lymphadenopathy; immunosuppression, a possible indicator for death; and increase in interleukin- 6 (IL-6) and IL-10 levels. Conclusions Conclusions: KS, caused by HHV-8, most prevalent in Africa, tends to be more aggressive in children, with main symptoms including lymphadenopathy and skin lesions, and main pathophysiological aspects including cytopenia and increase in IL-6 and IL-10.

Kaposi Sarcoma With Intravascular Primary Effusion Lymphoma in the Skin: A Potential Pitfall in HHV8 Immunohistochemistry Interpretation

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 868-871
Author(s):  
Cassandra Bruce-Brand ◽  
Jonathan Rigby
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Primary Effusion Lymphoma ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Human Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Careful Assessment

Primary effusion lymphoma is a rare, clinically aggressive large B-cell neoplasm universally associated with human herpesvirus 8 that occurs in the setting of immune compromise. It is classically described as a lymphomatous effusion occurring within body cavities. Recently, however, solid tumor masses, and rarely an intravascular form, have been described. We report a case of a cutaneous intravascular primary effusion lymphoma occurring within ectatic vascular spaces of a Kaposi sarcoma skin lesion in a human immunodeficiency virus–positive adult. Human herpesvirus 8 immunohistochemistry was positive in the nuclei of the Kaposi sarcoma spindled cells as well as within large intravascular plasmacytoid cells. This unusual case highlights the importance of careful assessment of the nature of human herpesvirus 8–positive staining cells in an otherwise typical Kaposi sarcoma. A careful search for dual pathology in immune-compromised patients as well as the importance of histologic assessment of skin lesions in human immunodeficiency virus–positive patients is also highlighted.

scholarly journals Multicenter Comparison of PCR Assays for Detection of Human Herpesvirus 8 DNA in Semen

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1298-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip E. Pellett ◽  
Thomas J. Spira ◽  
Omar Bagasra ◽  
Chris Boshoff ◽  
Lawrence Corey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Human Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Positive Results

Reported prevalences of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) (Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) in semen have ranged widely. This is possibly due to differences in assay sensitivity, geographic or population-based differences in the true presence of the virus in semen, and PCR contamination. This study assessed interlaboratory sensitivity and reproducibility in the analysis of blinded experimental panels, each consisting of 48 specimens and being composed of semen specimens from different healthy artificial-insemination donors (n = 30) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients (n = 7) plus positive (n = 4) and negative (n = 7) controls. The experimental panels analyzed in each laboratory were identical except for being independently coded. Of 10 experiments done in five laboratories, 5 experiments from three laboratories had evidence of PCR contamination; all instances of contamination were in the context of nested PCR procedures. In the experiments with no false-positive results, HHV-8 DNA was detected in three (8%) of the 37 semen specimens (two from artificial-insemination donors and one from an HIV-positive patient) but in only 3 (1.6%) of the 184 PCRs in which these specimens were analyzed. This suggests that HHV-8 DNA is present in semen at concentrations that can be too low to allow its consistent detection. This study emphasizes the importance of performing blinded, multi-institution experiments to provide a coherent basis for comparing results and to motivate standardization of methods.

scholarly journals Pyogenic granuloma-like Kaposi sarcoma: Case report and review of literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Mardiana Abdul Aziz ◽  
Effat Omar
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Pyogenic Granuloma ◽  
Vascular Lesion ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
Positive Individual ◽  
Spindle Cell Proliferation

Pyogenic granuloma-like Kaposi sarcoma (PGLKS) is an uncommon variant of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), which mimics benign pyogenic granuloma both clinically and histologically. We report a case of PGLKS of the toe occurring in a HIV-positive individual. It presented as a 2cm skin swelling of 2 weeks’ duration which was clinically felt to be a pyogenic granuloma. Histopathological examination revealed a polypoid atypical vascular lesion with overlying peripheral epidermal collarette. Spindle cell proliferation typically seen in KS was also identified, which was positive for human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) by immunohistochemistry, confirming the diagnosis of PGLKS. Upon review of the literature, our case is the 29th case of PGLKS reported to date, and only the sixth in Asian population. Particular attention to histomorphology, and demonstration of HHV8 in lesional tissue will aid accurate diagnosis of this rare entity.

Acroangiodermatitis mimicking Kaposi’s sarcoma in an HIV-positive man

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 729-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
BP Goorney ◽  
J Newsham ◽  
D Fitzgerald ◽  
L Motta
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Human Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is the commonest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related malignancy with its characteristic cutaneous morphological appearance and histopathological features. However, it can be simulated by other co-morbid opportunistic infections and unrelated dermatological conditions. We describe such a case of acroangiodermatitis in an HIV co-infected man, based on exclusion of KS histologically and the absence of human herpesvirus 8, the causative agent of KS.

Primary nasal Kaposi Sarcoma in well-controlled HIV-positive patient with normal CD4 count associated with long-term nasal steroid use

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 582-584
Author(s):  
Kyaw Zin Htet ◽  
Michael Waul ◽  
Howard Edelstein ◽  
Stanley Mui ◽  
Sarah Cherny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Steroid Use ◽  
Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative disease that is caused by human herpesvirus 8. The epidemic form of KS is associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and is common in HIV-positive patients with CD4 counts less than 200 cells/mm. We present the case of a 63-year-old man with well-controlled HIV and normal CD4 count developing atypical nasal KS associated with intranasal steroid use.

scholarly journals Isolated Bulbar Conjunctival Kaposi’s Sarcoma as a Primary Presentation of AIDS: A Case Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sofia Maia ◽  
Miguel Gomes ◽  
Luís Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Torres
Keyword(s):  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Vascular Tumor ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Unusual Site ◽  
Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a malignant vascular tumor, caused by the human herpesvirus 8. It is one of the commonest tumors in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients and not uncommonly the first manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Case. We present a case of an isolated bulbar conjunctival KS on a 43-year-old HIV positive male, with no other lesions. Excision and cryotherapy were performed, and the patient remains free of lesions to date.Conclusion. Isolated bulbar conjunctival KP is an unusual site for its initial presentation and must be kept in mind in HIV positive patients.

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