A Composite Genetic Map of the Parasitoid Wasp Trichogramma brassicae Based on RAPD Markers

Abstract Three linkage maps of the genome of the microhymenopteran Trichogramma brassicae were constructed from the analysis of segregation of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers in three F2 populations. These populations were composed of the haploid male progeny of several virgin F1 females, which resulted from the breeding of four parental lines that were nearly fixed for different random amplified polymorphic DNA markers and that were polymorphic for longevity and fecundity characters. As the order of markers common to the three mapping populations was found to be well conserved, a composite linkage map was constructed. Eighty-four markers were organized into five linkage groups and two pairs. The mean interval between two markers was 17.7 cM, and the map spanned 1330 cM.

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Genetic mapping in Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis using RAPD markers

Genome ◽

10.1139/g96-132 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 1051-1061 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Daniel Verhaegen ◽

Christophe Plomion

Keyword(s):

Rapd Markers ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Linkage Maps ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

Decamer Primer ◽

The Mean ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Selection Of

Two single-tree linkage maps were constructed for Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis, based on the segregation of 480 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in a F1 interspecific progeny. A mixture of three types of single-locus segregations were observed: 244 1:1 female, 211 1:1 male, and 25 markers common to both, segregating 3:1. Markers segregating in the 1:1 ratio (testcross loci) were used to establish separate maternal and paternal maps, while markers segregating in the 3:1 ratio were used to identify homology between linkage groups of the two species maps. An average of 2.8 polymorphic loci were mapped for each arbitrary decamer primer used in the polymerase chain reaction. The mean interval size beween framework markers on the maps was 14 cM. The maps comprised 269 markers covering 1331 cM and 236 markers covering 1415 cM, in 11 linkage groups, for E. urophylla (2n = 2x = 22) and E. grandis (2n = 2x = 22), respectively. A comparative mapping analysis with two other E. urophylla and E. grandis linkage maps showed that RAPDs could be reliable markers for establishing a consensus species map. RAPD markers were automatically and quantitatively scored with an imaging analyzer. They were classified into four categories based on their optical density. A fragment intensity threshold is proposed to optimize the selection of reliable RAPD markers for future mapping experiments. Key words : genetic linkage map, Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus grandis, random amplified polymorphic DNA, RAPD, automated data collection.

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Assessment of genetic diversity among surian Toona sinensis Roem in progenies test using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers

Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.22146/ijbiotech.25798 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Jayusman Jayusman ◽

Muhammad Na’iem ◽

Sapto Indrioko ◽

Eko Bhakti Hardiyanto ◽

ILG Nurcahyaningsih

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Dna Markers ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Sampled Data ◽

Toona Sinensis ◽

The Mean ◽

Individual Trees

Surian Toona sinensis Roem is one of the most widely planted species in Indonesia. This study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity between a number of surian populations in a progeny test using RAPD markers, with the goal of proposing management strategies for a surian breeding program. Ninety-six individual trees from 8 populations of surian were chosen as samples for analysis. Eleven polymorphic primers (OP-B3, OP-B4, OP-B10, OP-H3, OP-Y6, OP-Y7, OP-Y8, OP-Y10, OP-Y11, OP-Y14, and OP-06) producing reproducible bands were analyzed for the 96 trees, with six trees per family sampled. Data were analyzed using GenAlEx 6.3, NTSYS 2.02. The observed percentage of polymorphic loci ranged from 18.2% to 50%. The mean level of genetic diversity among the surian populations was considered to be moderate (He 0.304). Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into two main clusters, at similarity levels of 0.68 and 0.46. The first two axes of the PCoA explained 46.16% and 25.54% of the total variation, respectively. The grouping of samples into clusters and subclusters did not correspond with family and their distances, but the grouping was in line with the genetic distances of the samples.

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Segregation of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers and strategies for molecular mapping in tetraploid alfalfa

Genome ◽

10.1139/g93-112 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 844-851 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

K. F. Yu ◽

K. P. Pauls

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Segregation ◽

Dna Markers ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Molecular Mapping ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Rapd Marker ◽

Female Parent ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

Double Reduction ◽

Chromatid Segregation

An F1 population was used to analyze the inheritance of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in tetraploid alfalfa. Of the 32 RAPD markers that were used for a segregation analysis in this study, 27 gave ratios that are consistent with random chromosome and random chromatid segregation at meiosis. However, among all of the RAPD markers (121) that were screened in this study, only one example of a double reduction, that is typical of chromatid segregation, was observed. These results indicate that random chromosome segregation is likely the predominant but not the exclusive mode of inheritance for tetraploid alfalfa. χ2 analyses of cosegregation for RAPD marker pairs derived from the female parent revealed nine linkages that fell into four linkage groups. The recombination fractions among linked marker pairs ranged from 1 to 37%. These are the first molecular linkage groups reported in tetraploid alfalfa. In addition, various strategies for molecular mapping in the tetraploid alfalfa genome are proposed that should be of interest to plant breeders who are planning to use molecular markers for alfalfa or other tetraploid species.Key words: RAPD markers, tetraploid alfalfa, segregation, linkage groups.

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Linkage map of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, based on RAPD markers.

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/139.3.1371 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 139 (3) ◽

pp. 1371-1382 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

G J Hunt ◽

R E Page

Keyword(s):

Linkage Map ◽

Honey Bee ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Black Body ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

Chain Reactions ◽

Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽

Haploid Male ◽

Relationship Of

Abstract A linkage map was constructed for the honey bee based on the segregation of 365 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in haploid male progeny of a single female bee. The X locus for sex determination and genes for black body color and malate dehydrogenase were mapped to separate linkage groups. RAPD markers were very efficient for mapping, with an average of about 2.8 loci mapped for each 10-nucleotide primer that was used in polymerase chain reactions. The mean interval size between markers on the map was 9.1 cM. The map covered 3110 cM of linked markers on 26 linkage groups. We estimate the total genome size to be approximately 3450 cM. The size of the map indicated a very high recombination rate for the honey bee. The relationship of physical to genetic distance was estimated at 52 kb/cM, suggesting that map-based cloning of genes will be feasible for this species.

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Genetic linkage maps of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla using a pseudo-testcross: mapping strategy and RAPD markers.

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/137.4.1121 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 137 (4) ◽

pp. 1121-1137 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

D Grattapaglia ◽

R Sederoff

Keyword(s):

Genetic Linkage ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Single Individual ◽

Linkage Maps ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

Mapping Strategy ◽

Genetic Linkage Maps

Abstract We have used a "two-way pseudo-testcross" mapping strategy in combination with the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay to construct two moderate density genetic linkage maps for species of Eucalyptus. In the cross between two heterozygous individuals many single-dose RAPD markers will be heterozygous in one parent, null in the other and therefore segregate 1:1 in their F1 progeny following a testcross configuration. Meiosis and gametic segregation in each individual can be directly and efficiently analyzed using RAPD markers. We screened 305 primers of arbitrary sequence, and selected 151 to amplify a total of 558 markers. These markers were grouped at LOD 5.0, theta = 0.25, resulting in the maternal Eucalyptus grandis map having a total of 240 markers into 14 linkage groups (1552 cM) and the paternal Eucalyptus urophylla map with 251 markers in 11 linkage groups (1101 cM) (n = 11 in Eucalyptus). Framework maps ordered with a likelihood support > or = 1000:1 were assembled covering 95% of the estimated genome size in both individuals. Characterization of genome complexity of a sample of 48 mapped random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers indicate that 53% amplify from low copy regions. These are the first reported high coverage linkage maps for any species of Eucalyptus and among the first for any hardwood tree species. We propose the combined use of RAPD markers and the pseudo-testcross configuration as a general strategy for the construction of single individual genetic linkage maps in outbred forest trees as well as in any highly heterozygous sexually reproducing living organisms. A survey of the occurrence of RAPD markers in different individuals suggests that the pseudo-testcross/RAPD mapping strategy should also be efficient at the intraspecific level and increasingly so with crosses of genetically divergent individuals. The ability to quickly construct single-tree genetic linkage maps in any forest species opens the way for a shift from the paradigm of a species index map to the heterodox proposal of constructing several maps for individual trees of a population, therefore mitigating the problem of linkage equilibrium between marker and trait loci for the application of marker assisted strategies in tree breeding.

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Development of a second generation linkage map for almond using RAPD and SSR markers

Genome ◽

10.1139/g00-040 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 649-655 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

T Joobeur ◽

N Periam ◽

M C de Vicente ◽

G J King ◽

P Arús

Keyword(s):

Simple Sequence Repeats ◽

Dna Markers ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Genetic Maps ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

Prunus Amygdalus ◽

Total Size ◽

Length Polymorphisms ◽

Simple Sequence

Fifty-four RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers and 6 SSRs (simple sequence repeats) were included in a molecular marker map with 120 RFLPs (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) and 7 isozyme genes previously constructed using the offspring of a cross between the almond (Prunus amygdalus) cultivars 'Ferragnès' and 'Tuono'. Only highly reproducible RAPDs segregating 1:1 were used. To identify these markers, a total of 325 primers were screened, from which 41 produced RAPDs useful for mapping. Polymorphism was detected in six of the eight Prunus SSRs (simple sequence repeats) studied, thus enabling these to be mapped. All markers were placed on the 8 linkage groups previously identified. The number of new markers included in the map of 'Ferragnès' was 33 for a total of 126, and 30 in the map of 'Tuono' for a total of 99. The sizes of the maps of 'Ferragnès' (415 cM) and 'Tuono' (416 cM) were similar, representing a 5% increase over the maps constructed solely with isozymes and RFLPs. The estimated total size of the almond map was of 457 cM. Some markers were placed in zones with low density of markers and others in the extreme of linkage groups. The use of RAPD markers to complete genetic maps constructed with transferable markers is discussed.Key words: almond, Prunus amygdalus, RAPD, SSR, mapping.

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Mapping and Evaluation of Malus ×domestica Microsatellites in Apple and Pear

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.128.4.0515 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 128 (4) ◽

pp. 515-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Minou Hemmat ◽

Norman F. Weeden ◽

Susan K. Brown

Keyword(s):

Simple Sequence Repeat ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Dna Polymorphisms ◽

Linkage Maps ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

Malus Sylvestris ◽

Ssr Primers ◽

Primer Sets ◽

Simple Sequence

We mapped DNA polymorphisms generated by 41 sets of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) primers, developed independently in four laboratories. All primer sets gave polymorphisms that could be located on our `White Angel' x `Rome Beauty' map for apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. Var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.]. The SSR primers were used to identify homologous linkage groups in `Wijcik McIntosh', NY 75441-58, `Golden Delicious', and `Liberty' cultivars for which relatively complete linkage maps have been constructed from isozyme and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. In several instances, two or more SSRs were syntenic, and except for an apparent translocation involving linkage group (LG) 6, these linkages were conserved throughout the six maps. Twenty-four SSR primers were consistently polymorphic, and these are recommended as standard anchor markers for apple maps. Experiments on a pear (Pyrus communis L.) population indicated that many of the apple SSRs would be useful for mapping in pear. However some of the primers produced fragments in pear significantly different in size than those in apple.

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Genetic Linkage Maps of the Guppy ( Poecilia reticulata ): Assignment of RAPD Markers to Multipoint Linkage Groups

Marine Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s10126-002-0072-3 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 279-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Gideon Khoo ◽

Meng Huat Lim ◽

Haridas Suresh ◽

Damien K. Y. Gan ◽

Kok Fang Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Linkage ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Poecilia Reticulata ◽

Linkage Maps ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

Multipoint Linkage ◽

Genetic Linkage Maps

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Two genetic linkage maps of mungbean using RFLP and RAPD markers

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar99052 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 415 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

C. J. Lambrides ◽

R. J. Lawn ◽

I. D. Godwin ◽

J. Manners ◽

B. C. Imrie

Keyword(s):

Linkage Map ◽

Segregation Distortion ◽

Recombinant Inbred ◽

Genetic Linkage ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Rflp Markers ◽

Linkage Maps ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

Genetic Linkage Maps ◽

Map Distance

Two genetic linkage maps of mungbean derived from the cross Berken ACC 41 are reported. The F2 map constructed from 67 individuals consisted of 110 markers (52 RFLP and 56 RAPD) that grouped into 12 linkage groups. The linked markers spanned a total map distance of 758.3 cM. A recombinant inbred (RI) population derived from the 67 F2 individuals was used for the generation of an additional linkage map. The RI map, composed entirely of RAPD markers, consisted of 115 markers in 12 linkage groups. The linked markers spanned a total map distance of 691.7 cM. Using a framework set of RFLP markers, the F2 map was compared with another F2 mungbean map constructed in Minnesota. In general, the order of these markers was consistent between maps. Segregation distortion was observed for some markers. 14.5% (16/110) of mapped F2 markers and 24% (28/115) of mapped RI markers segregated with distorted ratios. Segregation distortion occurred in each successive generation after the F2 . The regions of distortion identified in the Australian maps did not coincide with regions of the Minnesota map.

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Rapd variation of late-maturing sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] landraces from Ethiopia

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.55.2007.3.14 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 375-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Mamo ◽

A. Ayana ◽

T. Tesso

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Genetic Distance ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

The Mean ◽

Polymorphic Bands ◽

High Degree ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L

A study on the extent and pattern of genetic variability in late-maturing sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] landraces collected from the Wello and Hararge areas of Ethiopia was conducted using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for 70 individuals representing 14 populations. Four oligonucleotide primers generated a total of 55 polymorphic bands with 13–19 bands per primer and a mean of 16 bands across the 70 individuals. The value of the Shannon diversity index among the populations (0.26) and between the two regions (0.24) was low to moderate, despite the high degree of polymorphic bands per primer. The mean genetic distance (0.25) between the populations was found to be low. The low genetic variation may be due to the reduced population size of late-maturing sorghum landraces in the two regions of Ethiopia because of farmers’ decisions in the process of planting, managing, harvesting and processing their crops. Partitioning of the genetic variation into variation between and within the population revealed that 92.9% and 7.10% of the variation was found to be between and within the populations, respectively. Cluster analysis of genetic distance estimates further confirmed a low level of differentiation in late-maturing sorghum populations both between and within the regions. The implications of the results for genetic conservation purposes are discussed.

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