scholarly journals TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MUTATIONS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. IX. DOMINANT COLD-SENSITIVE LETHALS ON THE AUTOSOMES

Genetics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Raja Rosenbluth ◽  
Dean Ezell ◽  
David T Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Ethyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Cold Sensitive

ABSTRACT Ethyl methanesulfonate-treated autosomes were screened for the presence of dominant cold-sensitive (DCS) lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. None was found among 6,552 treated and 168 untreated third chromosomes. Twenty-three DCS-L chromosomes which caused death at 17°C but survived at 22°C and 29°C were recovered from 5,046 mutagenized chromosome 2's.—The DCS-L mutations all mapped around dp and appeared to be functionally allelic. Lethality of heterozygotes for most of the DCS-L's occurred over a prolonged interval from the embryonic through the larval instars. Prolonged incubation at 17°C did not demonstrate any maternal effect on zygotic survival.

scholarly journals TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MUTATIONS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. XVII. HEAT- AND COLD-SENSITIVE LETHALS ON CHROMOSOME 3

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-520
Author(s):  
S Elaine Tasaka ◽  
David T Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Ethyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Cold Sensitivity ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Physical Length ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Genetic Length ◽  
Cold Sensitive

ABSTRACT Ethyl methanesulfonate-treated third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster were tested for the presence of dominant and recessive temperature-sensitive lethal mutations at 17°, 22° and 29°C. Out of 1,176 chromosomes tested, no dominant ts lethals, 21 heat-sensitive, 22 cold-sensitive and 10 heat-cold-sensitive lethals were recovered. Heat-cold sensitivity was produced by a single mutation in all cases. Sixty-two percent of the ts lethals were fertile as homozygotes in both sexes. Surprisingly, 88% of the ts lethals mapped between st and Sb, a region straddling the centromere and estimated to comprise 12.9% of the genetic length and 55% of the physical length of chromosome 3. All but one of the heat- and cold-sensitive lethals complemented with each other at their respective restrictive temperatures.

TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MUTATIONS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.: II. FREQUENCY AMONG SECOND CHROMOSOME RECESSIVE LETHALS INDUCED BY ETHYL METHANESULFONATE

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Baillie ◽  
David T. Suzuki ◽  
Mary Tarasoff
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Ethyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Recessive Lethal

Recessive lethal and semilethal mutations induced in chromosome 2 by ethyl methanesulfonate were screened for temperature-sensitivity. Mutants which survive at 17 °C but die at 29° were recovered. At 0.005M EMS, 37.5% of the treated chromosomes were found to be lethal or semilethal from which it is estimated that 10.9% of all EMS-induced lethals are ts. This class of conditional lethals promises to be a useful tool in genetic studies.

scholarly journals A NOTE ON THE MATERNAL EFFECT MUTANTS DAUGHTERLESS AND ABNORMAL OOCYTE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Arthur P Mange ◽  
L Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Dominant Marker ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chromosome Breakpoint ◽  
Special Region

ABSTRACT Two deficiencies for, and a dominant enhancer of, the second chromosome maternal effect mutant, "daughterless" (da), were induced with X-irradiation. Their properties were studied with respect to both da and the linked maternal effect mutant, "abnormal oocyte" (abo), with the following conclusions. (1) The most probable map positions of da and abo are: J–½–da–2½–abo, where J is a dominant marker located at 41 on the standard map. (2) The da locus is in bands 31CD-F on the polytene chromosome map; abo is to the right of 32A. (3) Because homozygous da individuals survive while individuals carrying da and a deficiency for da are lethal, it is concluded that da is hypomorphic. (4) From a weak da-like maternal effect in heterozygous da females induced by an "Enhancer of da," we have confirmed a previous report that (a) the amount of sex chromosome heterochromatin contributed by the father can influence the severity of the da maternal effect, and (b) the sex chromosome heterochromatin which influences the da effect is different from that which influences the abo effect. (5) The possibility that da and abo are in a special region of chromosome 2 concerned with the regulation of sex chromosome heterochromatin is strengthened by the observation that the Enhancer of da appears to rescue abnormal eggs produced by homozygous abo mothers. (6) The Enhancer of da is a translocation between chromosomes 2 and 3 with the second chromosome breakpoint in the basal heterochromatin; because the enhancing effect maps in this region of chromosome 2, it is possible that autosomal, as well as sex chromosomal, heterochromatin interacts with da and abo.

A CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE CHROMOSOMAL REGION SURROUNDING THE α-GLYCEROPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE LOCUS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-386
Author(s):  
Michael A Kotarski ◽  
Sally Pickert ◽  
Ross J MacIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Chromosomal Region ◽  
Chromosome Band ◽  
Recombination Analysis ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Recessive Lethal ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT The chromosomal region surrounding the structural gene for α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (αGpdh, 2-20.5) of Drosophila melanogaster has been studied in detail. Forty-three EMS-induced recessive lethal mutations and five previously identified visible mutations have been localized within the 25A-27D region of chromosome 2 by deficiency mapping and in some cases by a recombination analysis. The 43 lethal mutations specify 17 lethal loci. ?Gpdh has been localized to a single polytene chromosome band, 25F5, and there apparently are no lethals that map to the αGpdh locus.

scholarly journals EVIDENCE FOR A SET OF CLOSELY LINKED AUTOSOMAL GENES THAT INTERACT WITH SEX-CHROMOSOME HETEROCHROMATIN IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-582
Author(s):  
L Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Salivary Gland Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Chromosome Map ◽  
Heterochromatic Segment ◽  
Special Region

ABSTRACT It is proposed that there exists a special region in the euchromatin of the left arm of chromosome 2 (contained within sections 31-32 of the standard salivary gland chromosome map) that is defined by a set of genes, each one of which interacts with a specific sex-chromosome heterochromatic segment. The evidence for the existence of this region is, first, the exhibition, mapping, and analysis of five different maternal-effect, embryonic semi-lethals located in region 31-32. Secondly, in each case the consequence of the maternal effect is markedly influenced by the amount of X- or Y-chromosome heterochromatin carried by the progeny of mutant mothers. The nature of this interaction and possible reasons for the existence of the cluster of autosomal genes are discussed

scholarly journals GENETIC ANALYSIS OF TWO ALLELIC TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MUTANTS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER BOTH OF WHICH ARE ZYGOTIC AND MATERNAL-EFFECT LETHALS

Genetics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-353
Author(s):  
Allen Shearn ◽  
Grafton Hersperger ◽  
Evelyn Hersperger
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Restrictive Temperature ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Temperature Sensitive Mutants ◽  
Small Disc ◽  
Disc Cells

ABSTRACT After fertilization, the development of a zygote depends upon both gene products synthesized by its maternal parent and gene products synthesized by the zygote itself. To analyze genetically the relative contributions of these two sources of gene products, several laboratories have been isolating two classes of mutants of Drosophila melanogaster: maternal-effect lethals and zygotic lethals. This report concerns the analysis of two temperature-sensitive mutants, OX736hs and PC025hs, which were isolated as alleles of a small-disc mutant, l(3)1902. These alleles are not only zygotic lethals, but also maternal-effect lethals. They have temperature-sensitive periods during larval life and during oogenesis. Mutant larvae exposed continuously to restrictive temperature have small discs. One- or two-day exposures to the restrictive temperature administered during the third larval instar lead to a homeotic transformation of the midlegs and hindlegs to the pattern characteristic of the forelegs. Mutant females exposed to the restrictive temperature during oogenesis produce eggs that can develop until gastrulation, but do not hatch. —The existence of these mutants, and one that was recently described by another group, implies that there may be a class of genes, heretofore unrecognized, whose products are synthesized during oogenesis, are essential for embryogenesis and are also synthesized during larval stages within imaginal disc cells.

scholarly journals Using the P{wHy} Hybrid Transposable Element to Disrupt Genes in Region 54D-55B in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie E Mohr ◽  
William M Gelbart
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Drosophila Genome ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
F Region ◽  
Nested Sets ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes ◽  
Improved Methods

Abstract Understanding the function of each gene in the genome of a model organism such as Drosophila melanogaster is an important goal. The development of improved methods for uncovering the mutant phenotypes of specific genes can accelerate achievement of this goal. The P{wHy} hybrid transposable element can be used to generate nested sets of precisely mapped deletions in a given region of the Drosophila genome. Here we use the P{wHy} method to generate overlapping, molecularly defined deletions from a set of three P{wHy} insertions in the 54E-F region of chromosome 2. Deletions that span a total of 0.5 Mb were identified and molecularly mapped precisely. Using overlapping deletions, the mutant phenotypes of nine previously uncharacterized genes in a 101-kb region were determined, including identification of new loci required for viability and female fertility. In addition, the deletions were used to molecularly map previously isolated lethal mutations. Thus, the P{wHy} method provides an efficient method for systematically determining the phenotypes of genes in a given region of the fly genome.

A Limited Number of Caenorhabditis elegans Genes Are Readily Mutable to Dominant, Temperature-Sensitive Maternal-Effect Embryonic Lethality

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 1665-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L Mitenko ◽  
James R Eisner ◽  
John R Swiston ◽  
Paul E Mains
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Embryonic Lethal ◽  
Embryonic Lethal Mutations ◽  
Dominant Temperature Sensitive

Abstract Dominant gain-of-function mutations can give unique insights into the study of gene function. In addition, gain-of-function mutations, unlike loss-of-function alleles, are not biased against the identification of genetically redundant loci. To identify novel genetic functions active during Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis, we have collected a set of dominant temperature-sensitive maternal-effect embryonic lethal mutations. In a previous screen, we isolated eight such mutations, distributed among six genes. In the present study, we describe eight new dominant mutations that identify only three additional genes, yielding a total of 16 dominant mutations found in nine genes. Therefore, it appears that a limited number of C. elegans genes mutate to this phenotype at appreciable frequencies. Five of the genes that we identified by dominant mutations have loss-of-function alleles. Two of these genes may lack loss-of-function phenotypes, indicating that they are nonessential and so may represent redundant loci. Loss-of-function mutations of three other genes are associated with recessive lethality, indicating nonredundancy.

scholarly journals Somatic reversion of P transposable element insertion mutations in the singed locus of Drosophila melanogaster requiring specific P insertions and a trans- acting factor

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Y. Brookfield ◽  
Alan P. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
P Element ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Restriction Maps ◽  
Element Insertion ◽  
Somatic Reversion ◽  
P Transposable Element ◽  
Insertion Mutations

SummaryDestabilization in somatic cells of P-element insertions in the X-linked singed gene of Drosophila melanogaster has been studied. We have shown that some but not all unstable P-element insertions in singed can form mosaics. The cause of this variation is not clear from studies of the restriction maps of the mutations tested. The transposable element movements occur early in development and require, in addition to an appropriate P-element insertion in singed, a trans-acting maternal effect component. Movements appear to occur preferentially in attached-X stocks. However, the maternal effect component maps to the central region of chromosome 2.

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