Understanding the impacts of NPM and proposed solutions to the healthcare system reforms in Indonesia: the case of BPJS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-353
Author(s):  
Erniaty Erniaty ◽  
Harun Harun
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Social Security Administration ◽  
Insurance Programme ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Insurance Programme

Abstract This study critically evaluates the adoption of a universal healthcare system recently introduced by the Indonesian government in 2014. Our study is driven by the lack of critical analysis of social and political factors and unintended consequences of New Public Management, which is evident in the healthcare sector reforms in emerging economies. This study not only examines the impact of economic and political forces surrounding the introduction of a universal health insurance programme in the country but also offers insights into the critical challenges and undesirable outcomes of a fundamental reform of the healthcare sector in Indonesia. Through a systematic and detailed review of prior studies, legal sources and reports from government and media organizations about the implementation and progress of an UHC health insurance programme in Indonesia, the authors find that a more democratic political system that emerged in 1998 created the opportunity for politicians and international financial aid agencies to introduce a universal social security administration agency called Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS). Despite the introduction of BPJS to expand the health services’ coverage, this effort faces critical challenges and unintended outcomes including: (1) increased financial deficits, (2) resistance from medical professionals and (3) politicians’ tendency to blame BPJS’s management for failing to pay healthcare services costs. We argue that the adoption of the insurance system was primarily motivated by politicians’ own interests and those of international agencies at the expense of a sustainable national healthcare system. This study contributes to the healthcare industry policy literature by showing that a poorly designed UHC system could and will undermine the core values of healthcare services. It will also threaten the sustainability of the medical profession in Indonesia. The authors offer several suggestions for devising better policies in this sector in the developing nations.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Medical Cases and Utilisation among Enrollees of Private Health Insurance Programme in Kaduna, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Oni, Oluwatobi Dapo ◽  
Zakari, Mustapha Mohammed ◽  
Okemmiri, Innocentia Chidinma
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Primary Case ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Insurance Programme ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Health Insurance Programme

Aims: This study examines the occurrence of various medical cases presented by enrollees that have subscribed to access healthcare from a network of healthcare providers (HCPs) managed by a Health Maintenance Organisation (HMO) under its Private Health Insurance Programme (PHIP). Study Design:  A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. Methodology: Secondary data from collected or submitted medical encounters in form of bills of registered enrollees (principals and their dependants) who have visited and received treatment from their chosen healthcare providers in Kaduna State between the month of January and December 2019 were purposively compiled and analysed. Cases were classified using the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) Operational Guideline. Frequency tables, charts, percentages and Chi-Square analysis were used with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22 at P=.05 level of significance. Results: A total of 11,156 medical cases were recorded after attrition, 9,525 (85.38%) primary cases and 1,632 (14.62%) secondary cases. Malaria (41.23%) and Respiratory Tract Infection (11.98%) led the primary case table while Hypertension (3.83%) Urology related cases (2.49%) and Diabetes (0.79%) were among the leading secondary cases. Female enrollees had slightly more cases and therefore higher tendencies to seek medical treatment than their male counterpart even though there was no significant relation between gender and type of case. Conclusion: The study concludes that the awareness and utilization of healthcare services are gradually growing among enrollees under the Private Health Insurance Programme (PHIP). In ensuring that there is an improvement in the health sector of Nigeria and achieving universal health coverage, focus should be on the primary healthcare services with high consideration for research, proper data management and periodic sharing of trends, observations and outcome of researches with the growing health community.

scholarly journals Illness, Healthcare, and Health Insurance: Socio-economic Perspective in Nepalese Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Devaraj Acharya ◽  
Bishnu Prasad Wagle ◽  
Radha Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Utilization Of Health Services ◽  
The Family ◽  
Insurance Programme ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Insurance Programme

The Government of Nepal has introduced a health insurance programme since 2016. The main essence of the program is to reduce the gap in the utilization of health services between poor and rich, to reduce the out-of pocket expenditure while receiving the healthcare services, and to protect the family from poverty due to catastrophic healthcare expenditure. Researchers review the policy, programme and existing practice Data from Health Insurance Board shows that the programme appears not so effective in many districts but it looks successful in some districts where private healthcare providers are existing as a referral hospital. It is still unanswered whether the HIP is going to boost industrialists in the name of basic rights, health equity and social justice. The paper studies socio-economic and political perspectives of healthcare and health insurance with reference to Nepal and concludes that the healthcare system needs to reform for real welfare, social justice, and citizens' access and right to healthcare.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Introducing New Public Management to Kosovo’s Healthcare Sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-28
Author(s):  
Robert Muharremi
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Successful Implementation

The paper outlines the current healthcare sector reform process in Kosovo and the challenges to its implementation. The reform attempts to introduce modern public management principles into Kosovo’s healthcare sector, including a purchaser–provider split, performance incentives, and performance-based contracting, as well as a reorganisation of healthcare service delivery with a view to improving effectiveness and efficiency. This is the first major reform of the healthcare sector since Kosovo declared independence in 2008, and it intends to replace the healthcare system established by the United Nations between 1999 and 2008. Kosovo’s earlier healthcare system had been characterised by decentralised decision-making, but was re-established by the UN in the form of an emergency healthcare system after the UN was deployed to administer Kosovo in 1999. The reform envisages separating healthcare regulators from healthcare providers and healthcare purchasers. Kosovo Hospital and University Clinical Services is established as a new entity providing healthcare services, and a new Health Insurance Fund will become the healthcare purchaser. The Ministry of Health will be restricted to the functions of a regulator, divested of all administrative functions in favour of healthcare providers and purchasers. A major challenge lies in the limited capacities of the Kosovo Government to implement such an ambitious reform. This is also an attempt to introduce modern public management principles into a public administration which is dominated by traditional public administration principles. Lack of implementation capacities and contradictory public administration principles are the most important factors that may endanger the successful implementation of the reform.

scholarly journals Lowering drug prices and enhancing pharmaceutical affordability: an analysis of the national volume-based procurement (NVBP) effect in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. e005519
Author(s):  
Jing Yuan ◽  
Z Kevin Lu ◽  
Xiaomo Xiong ◽  
Bin Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Pilot Programme ◽  
Drug Prices ◽  
Insurance Programme ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lowering Drug ◽  
Daily Wage ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Insurance Programme

To cope with the increasing healthcare costs brought about by the universal health insurance programme, national volume-based procurement (NVBP) was implemented in China to reduce drug prices. However, the impact of NVBP remains unknown. We reported the effects of the NVBP pilot programme on medication affordability and discussed the challenges and recommendations for further reforms. A total of 25 molecules won the bidding in the NVBP pilot programme, and price cuts ranged from 25% to 96%. Medication affordability was measured as the number of days’ wages needed to pay for a course of treatment, and the medication was identified as affordable if the cost of a treatment course was less than the average daily wage. After the NVBP, the proportion of affordable drugs increased from 33% to 67%, and the mean affordability improved from 8.2 days’ wages to 2.8 days’ wages. Specifically, for rural residents, the proportion of affordable drugs increased from 13% to 58%, and the mean affordability improved from 15.7 days’ wages to 5.3 days’ wages. For urban residents, the proportion of affordable drugs increased from 54% to 71%, and the mean affordability improved from 5.9 days’ wages to 2.0 days’ wages. Implementing the NVBP substantially improved medication affordability. In future reforms, a multifaceted approach addressing all issues in the health system is needed to enhance medicine access.

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