Mathematical modeling and economic efficiency assessment of autonomous energy systems with production and storage of secondary energy carriers

This chapter defines some important concepts that are used in the book and which are relevant to energy in the economic context. It first considers energy consumption in the economic sense; here energy is defined as the capacity to perform work, useful for human beings, thanks to changes in the structure of matter or its position in space. The use of energy by humans has an opportunity cost, meaning that the time and resources allocated to using this energy could have been used differently. In the economic sense, energy consumption entails both private and social costs. The chapter proceeds by discussing primary sources of energy as opposed to secondary energy carriers; power; thermodynamic efficiency and energy productivity; the determinants of energy productivity; energy intensity; macro-, meso-, and micro-innovations; development blocks; market widening and market suction; energy expansion and energy saving; and dematerialization of growth.

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Hybridized Heuristic Heterogeneous Mathematical modeling for sustainable International comparison of the economic efficiency in nuclear energy

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments ◽

10.1016/j.seta.2021.101578 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

pp. 101578

Author(s):

Zirui Wang

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modeling ◽

International Comparison ◽

Economic Efficiency ◽

Nuclear Energy

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Economic efficiency and carbon emissions in multi-energy systems with flexible buildings

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems ◽

10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 123 ◽

pp. 106114 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zachary L. Hurwitz ◽

Yves Dubief ◽

Mads Almassalkhi

Keyword(s):

Economic Efficiency ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Energy Systems

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Hourly CO2 Emission Factors and Marginal Costs of Energy Carriers in Future Multi-Energy Systems

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12122260 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 2260 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Felix Böing ◽

Anika Regett

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Linear Optimization ◽

District Heating ◽

Energy Systems ◽

Energy Transition ◽

Emission Factors ◽

Energy Carrier ◽

Energy Carriers ◽

Marginal Costs ◽

Market Values

Hourly emission factors and marginal costs of energy carriers are determined to enable a simplified assessment of decarbonization measures in energy systems. Since the sectors and energy carriers are increasingly coupled in the context of the energy transition, the complexity of balancing emissions increases. Methods of calculating emission factors and marginal energy carrier costs in a multi-energy carrier model were presented and applied. The model used and the input data from a trend scenario for Germany up to the year 2050 were described for this purpose. A linear optimization model representing electricity, district heating, hydrogen, and methane was used. All relevant constraints and modeling assumptions were documented. In this context, an emissions accounting method has been proposed, which allows for determining time-resolved emission factors for different energy carriers in multi-energy systems (MES) while considering the linkages between energy carriers. The results showed that the emissions accounting method had a strong influence on the level and the hourly profile of the emission factors. The comparison of marginal costs and emission factors provided insights into decarbonization potentials. This holds true in particular for the electrification of district heating since a strong correlation between low marginal costs and times with renewable excess was observed. The market values of renewables were determined as an illustrative application of the resulting time series of costs. The time series of marginal costs as well as the time series of emission factors are made freely available for further use.

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