scholarly journals Translational Development Strategies for TAK-063, a Phosphodiesterase 10A Inhibitor

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 524-532
Author(s):  
Thomas A Macek ◽  
Kazunori Suzuki ◽  
Karen Asin ◽  
Haruhide Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Antipsychotic Activity ◽  
Dose Study ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 10A

Abstract Background TAK-063 is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), an enzyme highly expressed in medium spiny neurons of the striatum. PDE10A hydrolyzes both cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate and modulates dopamine signaling downstream of receptor activation in both direct and indirect pathways of the striatum. TAK-063 exhibited antipsychotic-like effects in animal models; however, the translatability of these models to the clinical manifestations of schizophrenia and the meaningfulness for new targets such as PDE10A has not been established. Methods The TAK-063 phase 1 program included a comprehensive translational development strategy with the main objective of determining whether the antipsychotic-like pharmacodynamic effects seen in nonclinical models would translate to human subjects. To evaluate this objective, we conducted a single-rising dose study (84 healthy subjects), a positron emission tomography (PET) study (12 healthy subjects), a functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) study (27 healthy subjects), and a multiple-rising dose study that included people with schizophrenia (30 healthy Japanese subjects and 47 subjects with stable schizophrenia). In addition, assessments of cognition and electroencephalography (27 healthy subjects and 47 subjects with stable schizophrenia) were included. Results PDE10A engagement by TAK-063 was verified with a novel PET radiotracer for use in primates and humans. TAK-063 showed favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles in humans, and TAK-063 reduced ketamine-induced changes in electroencephalography and BOLD signaling in animal models and healthy human subjects. In addition, analogous effects on cognition were observed in animal models and human subjects. Conclusions Overall, the phase 1 results showed some consistent evidence of antipsychotic activity. This translational strategy may be valuable for the future development of novel therapeutic approaches, even when relevant nonclinical models are not available.

scholarly journals A Phase 1, Randomized Ascending Single-Dose Study of Antagonist Anti-Human CD40 ASKP1240 in Healthy Subjects

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1040-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Goldwater ◽  
J. Keirns ◽  
P. Blahunka ◽  
R. First ◽  
T. Sawamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Single Dose Study ◽  
Dose Study

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Tigecycline after Single and Multiple Doses in Healthy Subjects

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal Muralidharan ◽  
Marlynne Micalizzi ◽  
John Speth ◽  
Donald Raible ◽  
Steven Troy
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Single Dose Study ◽  
Multiple Doses ◽  
Dose Study

ABSTRACT Tigecycline, a novel glycylcycline antibiotic, exhibits strong activity against gram-positive, gram-negative, aerobic, anaerobic, and atypical bacterial species, including many resistant pathogens, i.e., vancomycin-resistant enterococci, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. The safety and tolerability of tigecycline administered as single or multiple doses or at various infusion rates were explored in three phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in healthy subjects. Full pharmacokinetic profiles of tigecycline were determined in two of these studies. Subjects in the single-dose study received 12.5 to 300 mg of tigecycline, which differed with respect to the duration of infusion, subjects' feeding status, and ondansetron pretreatment. Subjects in the ascending multiple-dose study received 25 to 100-mg doses of tigecycline as a 1-h infusion every 12 h. The variable volume and infusion rate study consisted of administration of 100-mg loading dose of tigecycline, followed by 50 mg every 12 h for 5 days. Serum samples were analyzed for tigecycline by validated high-pressure liquid chromatography or liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry methods. Systemic clearance ranged from 0.2 to 0.3 liters/h/kg, and the tigecycline half-life ranged from 37 to 67 h. Tigecycline had a large volume of distribution (7 to 10 liters/kg), indicating extensive distribution into the tissues. Food increased the maximum tolerated single-dose from 100 to 200 mg, but the duration of infusion did not affect tolerability. Side effects, mainly nausea and vomiting, which are common to the tetracycline class of antimicrobial agents, were seen in these studies. Tigecycline exhibits linear pharmacokinetics and is safe and well tolerated in the dose ranges examined.

scholarly journals Animal Models of Autosomal Recessive Parkinsonism

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 812
Author(s):  
Guendalina Bastioli ◽  
Maria Regoni ◽  
Federico Cazzaniga ◽  
Chiara Maria Giulia De Luca ◽  
Edoardo Bistaffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Neuron Death

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. The neuropathological hallmark of the disease is the loss of dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. The clinical manifestations of PD are bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremors and postural instability. PD patients often display non-motor symptoms such as depression, anxiety, weakness, sleep disturbances and cognitive disorders. Although, in 90% of cases, PD has a sporadic onset of unknown etiology, highly penetrant rare genetic mutations in many genes have been linked with typical familial PD. Understanding the mechanisms behind the DA neuron death in these Mendelian forms may help to illuminate the pathogenesis of DA neuron degeneration in the more common forms of PD. A key step in the identification of the molecular pathways underlying DA neuron death, and in the development of therapeutic strategies, is the creation and characterization of animal models that faithfully recapitulate the human disease. In this review, we outline the current status of PD modeling using mouse, rat and non-mammalian models, focusing on animal models for autosomal recessive PD.

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