scholarly journals Epidemiology of Bacterial Meningitis in the Nine Years Since Meningococcal Serogroup A Conjugate Vaccine Introduction, Niger, 2010–2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. S206-S215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fati Sidikou ◽  
Caelin C Potts ◽  
Maman Zaneidou ◽  
Sarah Mbaeyi ◽  
Goumbi Kadadé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Meningitis Belt ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background In 2010, Niger and other meningitis belt countries introduced a meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine (MACV). We describe the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in Niger from 2010 to 2018. Methods Suspected and confirmed meningitis cases from January 1, 2010 to July 15, 2018 were obtained from national aggregate and laboratory surveillance. Cerebrospinal fluid specimens were analyzed by culture and/or polymerase chain reaction. Annual incidence was calculated as cases per 100 000 population. Selected isolates obtained during 2016–2017 were characterized by whole-genome sequencing. Results Of the 21 142 suspected cases of meningitis, 5590 were confirmed: Neisseria meningitidis ([Nm] 85%), Streptococcus pneumoniae ([Sp] 13%), and Haemophilus influenzae ([Hi] 2%). No NmA cases occurred after 2011. Annual incidence per 100 000 population was more dynamic for Nm (0.06–7.71) than for Sp (0.18–0.70) and Hi (0.01–0.23). The predominant Nm serogroups varied over time (NmW in 2010–2011, NmC in 2015–2018, and both NmC and NmX in 2017–2018). Meningococcal meningitis incidence was highest in the regions of Niamey, Tillabery, Dosso, Tahoua, and Maradi. The NmW isolates were clonal complex (CC)11, NmX were CC181, and NmC were CC10217. Conclusions After MACV introduction, we observed an absence of NmA, the emergence and continuing burden of NmC, and an increase in NmX. Niger’s dynamic Nm serogroup distribution highlights the need for strong surveillance programs to inform vaccine policy.

scholarly journals A New Sequence Type of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C Associated With a 2016 Meningitis Outbreak in Mali

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. S190-S197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibayiri Osee Sanogo ◽  
Ibréhima Guindo ◽  
Seydou Diarra ◽  
Adam C Retchless ◽  
Mahamadou Abdou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Molecular Surveillance ◽  
Case Fatality Ratio ◽  
Meningitis Belt ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractIn 2016, Mali reported a bacterial meningitis outbreak consisting of 39 suspected cases between epidemiologic weeks 9 and 17 with 15% case fatality ratio in the health district of Ouéléssebougou, 80 kilometers from the capital Bamako. Cerebrospinal fluid specimens from 29 cases were tested by culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction; 22 (76%) were positive for bacterial meningitis pathogens, 16 (73%) of which were Neisseria meningitidis (Nm). Of the Nm-positive specimens, 14 (88%) were N meningitidis serogroup C (NmC), 1 was NmW, and 1 was nongroupable. Eight NmC isolates recovered by culture from the outbreak were characterized using whole genome sequencing. Genomics analysis revealed that all 8 isolates belonged to a new sequence type (ST) 12446 of clonal complex 10217 that formed a distinct clade genetically similar to ST-10217, a NmC strain that recently caused large epidemics of meningitis in Niger and Nigeria. The emergence of a new ST of NmC associated with an outbreak in the African meningitis belt further highlights the need for continued molecular surveillance in the region.

scholarly journals Etiology of Bacterial Meningitis Among Children <5 Years Old in Côte d’Ivoire: Findings of Hospital-based Surveillance Before and After Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S114-S120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Boni-Cisse ◽  
Sheikh Jarju ◽  
Rowan E Bancroft ◽  
Nicaise A Lepri ◽  
Hamidou Kone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Type B ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Vaccine Serotypes ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Abstract Background Bacterial meningitis remains a major disease affecting children in Côte d’Ivoire. Thus, with support from the World Health Organization (WHO), Côte d’Ivoire has implemented pediatric bacterial meningitis (PBM) surveillance at 2 sentinel hospitals in Abidjan, targeting the main causes of PBM: Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus). Herein we describe the epidemiological characteristics of PBM observed in Côte d’Ivoire during 2010–2016. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected from children aged <5 years admitted to the Abobo General Hospital or University Hospital Center Yopougon with suspected meningitis. Microbiology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used to detect the presence of pathogens in CSF. Where possible, serotyping/grouping was performed to determine the specific causative agents. Results Overall, 2762 cases of suspected meningitis were reported, with CSF from 39.2% (1083/2762) of patients analyzed at the WHO regional reference laboratory in The Gambia. In total, 82 (3.0% [82/2762]) CSF samples were positive for bacterial meningitis. Pneumococcus was the main pathogen responsible for PBM, accounting for 69.5% (52/82) of positive cases. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes 5, 18C, 19F, and 6A/B were identified post–vaccine introduction. Emergence of H. influenzae nontypeable meningitis was observed after H. influenzae type b vaccine introduction. Conclusions Despite widespread use and high coverage of conjugate vaccines, pneumococcal vaccine serotypes and H. influenzae type b remain associated with bacterial meningitis among children aged <5 years in Côte d’Ivoire. This reinforces the need for enhanced surveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases to determine the prevalence of bacterial meningitis and vaccine impact across the country.

scholarly journals Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Nigeria From 2010 to 2016, Prior to and During the Phased Introduction of the 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S81-S88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beckie N Tagbo ◽  
Rowan E Bancroft ◽  
Iretiola Fajolu ◽  
Mohammed B Abdulkadir ◽  
Muhammad F Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Background Historically, Nigeria has experienced large bacterial meningitis outbreaks with high mortality in children. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus), and Haemophilus influenzae are major causes of this invasive disease. In collaboration with the World Health Organization, we conducted longitudinal surveillance in sentinel hospitals within Nigeria to establish the burden of pediatric bacterial meningitis (PBM). Methods From 2010 to 2016, cerebrospinal fluid was collected from children &lt;5 years of age, admitted to 5 sentinel hospitals in 5 Nigerian states. Microbiological and latex agglutination techniques were performed to detect the presence of pneumococcus, meningococcus, and H. influenzae. Species-specific polymerase chain reaction and serotyping/grouping were conducted to determine specific causative agents of PBM. Results A total of 5134 children with suspected meningitis were enrolled at the participating hospitals; of these 153 (2.9%) were confirmed PBM cases. The mortality rate for those infected was 15.0% (23/153). The dominant pathogen was pneumococcus (46.4%: 71/153) followed by meningococcus (34.6%: 53/153) and H. influenzae (19.0%: 29/153). Nearly half the pneumococcal meningitis cases successfully serotyped (46.4%: 13/28) were caused by serotypes that are included in the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. The most prevalent meningococcal and H. influenzae strains were serogroup W and serotype b, respectively. Conclusions Vaccine-type bacterial meningitis continues to be common among children &lt;5 years in Nigeria. Challenges with vaccine introduction and coverage may explain some of these finding. Continued surveillance is needed to determine the distribution of serotypes/groups of meningeal pathogens across Nigeria and help inform and sustain vaccination policies in the country.

scholarly journals Polymerase chain reaction, with sequencing, as a diagnostic tool in culture-negative bacterial meningitis

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giordano Dicuonzo ◽  
Giulia Lorino ◽  
Daniela Lilli ◽  
Daniela Rivanera ◽  
Paola Guarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Culture Negative

The role of the polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in Vietnam

2004 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Freeman ◽  
N. T. Mai ◽  
T. S. Diep ◽  
C. Parry ◽  
T. T. Hien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Pertussis and pertussis prophylaxis in Denmark

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Andersen ◽  
A H Christiansen ◽  
D Dragsted
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In Denmark, pertussis is notifiable in children aged &lt;2 years (the age group at which pertussis is considered potentially dangerous), when the child has clinical whooping cough which is laboratory confirmed. In 2001, there were 196 notifications in children: 95 boys and 101 girls (1). This is marginally higher than in 1999 and 2000, when there were 166 and 178 cases respectively (2, 3). In 66% of cases, the Statens Serum Institut’s department of epidemiology had to remind the clinician to submit a notification form. A total of 80 children (41%) were aged &lt;3 months, 119 children (61%) were &lt;5 months and 161 children (82%) were &lt;1 year. Between three and 38 cases per month were notified, most of them in the second half of the year. The total annual incidence for children &lt;2 years was 146 per 100 000. Most of the notified cases (72%) were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) alone, while 28% were confirmed by culture with or without positive PCR.

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