Evaluation of Reaction Time on Karate Athletes UKM Syiah Kuala University

The purpose of the study. Reaction time is a determining factor in sports, especially in martial arts. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reaction time of UKM Karate athletes at Syiah Kuala University. Materials and methods. The approach in this study uses a quantitative approach. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, which means this technique is used to achieve certain goals. The samples in this study were athletes from UKM karate at Syiah Kuala University. The data collection technique was carried out by using the whole body reaction test to measure the reaction time of the athlete's arms and legs. Results. results of the research in the form of a whole body reaction test, the results using the formula for the average value and the total percentage can be concluded: (1) The arm reaction time test with the total average value for male athletes is 0.169 seconds and female athletes are 0.173, and the highest percentage is in the very good category, amounting to 87% for male and female athletes, 75% in the very good category and (2) the limb reaction time test has an average value of 0.269 seconds for male athletes and female athletes of 0.361 seconds, with the highest percentage value amounted to 100% in the good category for male athletes and for female athletes it was in the sufficient category with a percentage of 50%. Conclusions. the analysis show that most athletes have been able to maintain and increase reaction time well, to be able to improve and maintain it, regular and continuous training is needed

Efficacy of screening cancer patients at hospital entrance for COVID-19 with a questionnaire and thermal scanning: An audit

Objectives: Although commonly practiced, the accuracy, effectiveness, and safety of screening patients for COVID-19 at hospital entrances is not well documented. Material and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of single institution data involving screening patients for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection at hospital entrances by trained health personnel, with thermal scanning and administration of a standard questionnaire eliciting risk factors and symptoms of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 positivity among patients screened positive and negative and among personnel involved in screening were estimated. Results: Between May 22, 2020, and July 4, 2020, a total of 20152 patients involving 54955 hospital visits were screened at hospital entrances of whom 668 (3.31%, 95% CI 3.07–3.57) were screened positive for suspected COVID-19 and 19484 (96.69%, 95% CI 96.44–96.93) were screened negative. Among patients screened positive, of the 638 patients with available records, 109 (17.08%, 95% CI 14.24–20.23) were confirmed to be SARS-CoV-2 positive by polymerase chain reaction test, 288 (45.14%, 95% CI 41.23–49.10) were negative, 71 (11.13%, 95% CI 8.79–13.83) were not tested after secondary assessment, and 170 (26.65%, 95% CI 23.25–30.26) patients declined the test. Among screen negative patients, 162 (0.83%, 95% CI 0.71–0.97) were SARS-CoV-2 positive. Of the 104 personnel involved in screening, 03 (2.88%, 95% CI 0.60–8.20) were confirmed to be SARS-CoV-2 positive during study period. Conclusion: Screening patients with a combination of thermal scanning and a standard questionnaire for COVID-19 has a high positive predictive value for detecting this infection with low risk of SARS-COV-2 transmission to the involved health personnel.

Persistent Positivity of Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction Test among Patients with COVID-19 in Rural Teaching Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The persistence positivity detected for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ribonucleic acid by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test in asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 positive patients has attracted a lot of attention. There is limited data on the duration of viral shedding. We aimed to determine the proportion of coronavirus disease patients with persistent positivity of real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test in a teaching hospital of Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using medical records from May to September 2020 in a teaching hospital of Nepal. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Committee of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences (Reference no 077/078/03). Convenient sampling method was used. Data was analysed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Point estimate at 90% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Of the total 95 cases, 9 (9.5%) cases (4.6-14.4 at 90% Confidence Interval), were repeat positive after achieving the first negative. The mean day required of achieving the last negative for the repeat positive group was 62.11±3.95, range (60-70 days). The mean time duration for the virus shedding was found to be 20.43±12.19 days (range 7-60 days) after the first positive test result. Conclusions: This study concludes that there might be a persistent positivity of the polymerase chain reaction test among patients with COVID-19. The majority of the patients were test positive for 8-14 days, and some were positive till 60-70 days.

Analysis of Changes in Thermoregulatory Adaptation of College Athletes Following Cold Exposure Training

Introduction: The object of this study included features of thermal regulation and adaptation processes of 18-year-old college students playing sports before and after cold exposure training (morning hot/cold contrast showers) and their attitude to such training. Objective: To conduct a comparative analysis of changes in thermoregulation and adaptation of college students in response to cold exposure training. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey and testing using the Kestner–Marshak capillary cold reaction test and the “Adaptolog–Expert” system for assessing the functional status of the organism. Results of the survey conducted before and after the experiment allowed us to form a sample of the experimental group. At the end of the experiment, the repeated questionnaire-based survey of the level of cold exposure training showed a significant prevalence of affirmative answers, while the number of negative and unsure answers showed a pronounced decrease. The average group values of the cold reaction test equaled the upper limit of the norm indicating insufficient cold exposure training. By the end of the experiment, the average time of appearance and disappearance of hyperemia among the college students decreased significantly, thus proving the benefit of contrast showers to improve human thermoregulation. The results of applying the “Adaptolog–Expert” system showed statistically significant differences with the initial indicators of adaptation with multidirectional dynamics, indicating normalization of the studied parameters of adaptation. Conclusions: The study of thermoregulatory and adaptation parameters of college athletes confirmed the positive impact of the proposed technique on the students’ attitude to cold exposure training and normalized their adaptation to cold.

Development of Assessment of Music Perception for the Hearing-impaired

Purpose: Enhancement of musical perception has a positive impact on the emotional stability, quality of life, and aural rehabilitation in individuals with hearing loss. In Korea, however, there are a few test batteries available for properly assessing their abilities to perceive music. The purpose of this study was to develop a evaluation material for the music perception ability, Assessment of Music Perception (AMP) considering the Korean culture and emotion.Methods: A total of 15 normal hearing adults (33.1 ± 11.4 years) were recruited. They performed the AMP which includes eight sub-tests: pitch, melody, rhythm, timbre, and harmony perception test, emotional reaction test, Music listening Attitudes and Satisfaction Questionnaire (MASQ), and Mismatch negativity (MMN).Results: The average percentage of correct answer was 94.0% ± 6.1% in pitch perception test, 94.0% ± 7.1% in melody perception test, 99.3% ± 1.8% in rhythm perception test, 78.9% ± 41.8% in timbre perception test, 96.7% ± 10.4% in emotional reaction test, 85.7% ± 14.1% in harmony perception test. The area of the negative waveform for MMN was 275.27 ± 225.65 μV·ms with the intensity of 70 dBnHL.Conclusion: Considering high scores of a instrument, a developed AMP could be applied for evaluating the music perception ability. However, a little bit of correction for each factor of materials is recommended for comprehensive AMP material. In the future, the music perception ability of the hearing impaired should be evaluated utilizing AMP.

Analisis biomotor kecepatan reaksi pada pemain bola voli kelas khusus olahraga Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Empat puluh tiga pemain yang berlatih di Sekolah Menengah Atas Kelas Khusus Olahraga Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Pengambilan data telah disetujui oleh pelatih dari sekolah tersebut. Para pemain dalam kondisi sehat saat melakukan tes. Sebelum melakukan tes, pemain mendapatkan penjelasan tentang penelitian ini. Instrumen yang dipergunakan dalam pengambilan data untuk mengetahui kecepatan reaksi seseorang diukur dengan menggunakan tes whole body reaction. Setelah data diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan membandingkan data dengan norma instrument tes whole body reaction. Kemudian setelah itu dicari prosentase kategori kecepatan reaksi yang dimiliki oleh pemain Kelas Khusus Olahraga Bola Voli di D.I. Yogyakarta. Dari hasil pengukuran yang dilakukan ditemukan bahwa terdapat 30% dari pemain bola voli di Kelas Khusus Olahraga Yogyakarta memiliki kecepatan reaksi yang masuk dalam kategori bagus sekali, 63% termasuk dalam kategori bagus, dan 7% dalam kategori cukup. Hasil ini tentu tidak akan terlepas dari banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi kecepatan reaksi yang dimiliki oleh seseorang.Biomotor Analysis of Reaction Speed in Players of Special Class volleyball in Yogyakarta Special Region AbstractForty-three players who trained at the Yogyakarta Special Sports Class High School participated in the study. The data retrieval has been approved by the school's trainer. The players are in good health when conducting tests. Before conducting the test, the player gets an explanation about this study. The instrument used in data retrieval to determine the speed of a person's reaction is measured using the Whole Body Reaction test. After the data is obtained then analyzed by comparing the data with the instrument norms of whole body reaction test. Then after that sought percentage of reaction speed category owned by players special class volleyball sports in D.I. Yogyakarta. From the results of the measurements, it was found that 30% of volleyball players in Yogyakarta Sports Special Class had reaction speed that falls into the category of very good, 63% belongs to the good category, and 7% in the category of enough. These results will certainly not be separated from many factors that affect the speed of reaction that a person has.

Deploying a rapid point of care polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 in a clinical research unit to ensure healthy volunteer safety

The entire world was severely affected by the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Early phase clinical research was no exception and clinical healthy volunteer trials were halted across the globe. To enable continuation of development of new drugs, we developed a testing strategy for nonsymptomatic trial participants in an early stage of the outbreak. A point-of-care polymerase chain reaction test combined with a gold standard polymerase chain reaction test and strict social distancing and hygiene measures limited the number of infected subjects entering our clinical research units and reduced further spread for the duration of the clinical trial. Thus, proving efficacy of this strategy to allow safe and effective continuation of early phase clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Differences in discriminative reaction time between elite youth football players: a comparison between age-categories (Diferencias en el tiempo de reacción discriminativo entre jugadores de fútbol juvenil de élite: una comparación entre categorías de ed

Background: Several factors may affect the development of a player during the sports training process. Reaction time is considered an important aspect of perceptual skills in sports and can potentially affect football performance. During the maturation process of a player there may be changes in the cognitive skills, in addition to changes in the training levels that this player is submitted to. The aim of this study is to compare the discriminative reaction time (DRT) in elite young football players between categories U-15 and U-17. Methods: Participants were 236 elite Brazilian young male football players from categories U-15 (n = 139, Mage = 14.21, SD = 0.66 years) and U-17 (n = 97, Mage = 17.99, SD = 0.48 years). The Reaction Test (S5 version), provided by the Vienna Test System SPORTS® (VTS) was applied. Results: statistically significant difference was found in the DRT (p = .04) between football players of categories U-15 and U-17. U-17 players faster (M = 526 ms, sd = 65.30) when compared to the U-15 players (M = 543 ms, sd = 62.40), however with a small effect size (.13). Conclusion: Elite football players in the U17 category have better DRT values than players in the U15 category. Resumen. Introducción: Varios factores pueden afectar al desarrollo de un jugador durante el proceso de formación deportiva. El tiempo de reacción se considera un aspecto importante de las habilidades perceptivas en el deporte y puede afectar potencialmente al rendimiento futbolístico. Durante el proceso de maduración de un jugador pueden producirse cambios en las habilidades cognitivas, además de cambios en los niveles de entrenamiento a los que se somete este jugador. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar el tiempo de reacción discriminativo en jóvenes futbolistas de élite entre las categorías sub-15 y sub-17. Métodos: Los participantes fueron 236 jóvenes futbolistas brasileños de élite de las categorías Sub-15 (n = 139, Edad media = 14,21, sd = 0,66 años) y Sub-17 (n = 97, Edad media = 17,99, sd = 0,48 años). Se aplicó el Test de Reacción (versión S5), proporcionado por el Vienna Test System SPORTS® (VTS). Resultados: se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el DRT (p = .04) entre los futbolistas de las categorías sub-15 y sub-17. Los jugadores sub-17 fueron más rápidos (M = 526 ms, sd = 65,30) en comparación con los jugadores sub-15 (M = 543 ms, sd = 62,40), aunque con un tamaño del efecto pequeño (.13). Conclusión: Los jugadores de fútbol de élite de la categoría sub17 tienen mejores valores de tiempo de reacción discriminativo que los jugadores de la categoría sub15.