scholarly journals Determination of Diclofenac Sodium in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium with Earle's Balanced Salt Solution

2003 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-684
Author(s):  
Patrícia S Lopes ◽  
Telma M Kaneko ◽  
Carolina Y Takano ◽  
Aurea C L Lacerda ◽  
Leandro R Latorre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Minimum Essential Medium ◽  
In Vitro Permeation ◽  
Hydrophilic Drug ◽  
Permeation Studies ◽  
The Mean

Abstract A validated method was developed for determination of diclofenac sodium, considered a model hydrophilic drug for in vitro permeation studies, in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) with Earle's balanced salt solution. Liquid chromatography was used to determine diclofenac sodium. This method was developed with a reversed-phase column Supercosil LC 18, DB 25 cm × 4.5 mm; the mobile phase was methanol with 3% (v/v) acetic acid–Milli-Q water (74 + 26), and detection was at 283 nm. The detection and quantitation limits were 2.41 × 10–8 and 3.31 × 10–5 μg/μL, respectively. The accuracy within-day (n = 3) and day-to-day (n = 7) was 98.83%; the mean variation coefficient for inter- (n = 7) and intraday precision (n = 3) was 12.20%, thus, not exceeding 15%. This method can be used as an analytical procedure for the determination of diclofenac sodium in MEM for in vitro permeation studies.

High-performance liquid chromatography determination of triptolide in vitro permeation studies

2005 ◽  
Vol 534 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Ling Chang ◽  
Hua-Bing Chen ◽  
Xiao-Zhi Zhao ◽  
Zhong-Hong Gao ◽  
Hui-Bi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
In Vitro Permeation ◽  
Permeation Studies

Deformable Surfactant Vesicles Loading Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate: Characterization and In Vitro Permeation Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 494-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Di Marzio ◽  
Carlotta Marianecci ◽  
Federica Rinaldi ◽  
Sara Esposito ◽  
Maria Carafa
Keyword(s):  
Surfactant Vesicles ◽  
In Vitro Permeation ◽  
Permeation Studies

High-resolution capillary electrophoresis for the determination of carbamylated albumin

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Favresse ◽  
Joris Delanghe
Keyword(s):  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Theoretical Plate ◽  
Clinical Routine ◽  
Negative Prognostic Factor ◽  
Symmetry Factor ◽  
Primary Amino ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Objectives Carbamylation is a non-enzymatic post-translational reaction of a primary amino group of a protein with isocyanate. The albumin carbamylation is a negative prognostic factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and induce charge difference implying an observed shift in electrophoretic mobility that can be measured through a symmetry factor (SF). Methods The Helena V8 and the Sebia Capillarys 2 systems were used for all experiments. The effect of in vitro carbamylation on the SF by spiking increasing concentrations of potassium isocyanate (KCNO) in serum of three healthy volunteers was investigated. Theoretical plate numbers (N) as a surrogate of separation efficiency were also calculated and correlations between SF and renal function biomarkers were performed on 284 patients. Results A dose-dependent impact of KCNO on the SF was observed for both methods with the Helena V8 being more sensitive. The mean N was significantly higher on the Helena V8 as compared to the Sebia Capillarys 2 (2,972 vs. 444.1, p<0.0001). The SF correlated significantly with eGFR (r=0.50, p<0.0001), creatinine (r=−0.31, p<0.0001) and urea (r=−0.34, p<0.0001) on the Helena V8. On the Sebia Capillarys 2, a significant correlation was only observed with eGFR (r=0.17, p=0.004). A better discrimination between CKD stages was also observed using the Helena V8. Conclusions Thanks to a higher mean N, the Helena V8 might offer new possibilities, including detection of carbamylated albumin through SF calculation. Further studies are still needed to confirm the interest of using this type of assays in clinical routine.

Development and evaluation of a heparin gel for transdermal delivery via laser-generated micropores

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Deepal Vora ◽  
Yujin Kim ◽  
Ajay K Banga
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Continuous Intravenous Infusion ◽  
In Vitro Permeation ◽  
Assisted Delivery ◽  
Permeation Studies ◽  
Franz Diffusion Cells ◽  
Transdermal Route ◽  
Poloxamer Gel ◽  
Ablative Laser

Aim: Our study investigated the feasibility of transdermal delivery of heparin, an anticoagulant used against venous thromboembolism, as an alternative to intravenous administration. Materials & methods: Skin was pretreated using ablative laser (Precise Laser Epidermal System [P.L.E.A.S.E.®] technology) for enhanced delivery of heparin. In vitro permeation studies using static Franz diffusion cells provided a comparison between delivery from 0.3% w/v heparin-loaded poloxamer gel and solution across untreated and laser-treated dermatomed porcine ear skin. Results: No passive delivery of heparin was observed. Laser-assisted delivery from solution (26.07 ± 1.82 μg/cm2) was higher (p < 0.05) than delivery from heparin gel (11.28 ± 5.32 μg/cm2). However, gel is likely to sustain the delivery over prolonged periods like a maintenance dose via continuous intravenous infusion. Conclusion: Thus, ablative laser pretreatment successfully delivered heparin, establishing the feasibility of delivering hydrophilic macromolecules using the transdermal route.

Simultaneous Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Thiamine and Riboflavin in Selected Foods

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1156-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Art Sims ◽  
Dirk Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
American Association ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Optimum Wavelength ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sensitivity Data ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract A reliable, improved liquid chromatographic (LC) method has been developed for the measurement of thiamine and riboflavin in foods. The major improvement in the method is the chromatographic separation achieved. The method is also very reproducible and extremely sensitive. After autoclave extraction, samples are derivatized to form thiochrome (a highly fluorescent oxidation product of thiamine). Riboflavin is naturally fluorescent. Interferences are removed on a Ci8 cartridge and chromatographed by using a reversed-phase separation. The mobile phase used is 72% 0.005M NH4OAc (pH 5.0)-28% MeOH. Fluorescence detection using wavelength switching, 370-435 for thiamine and 370-520 for riboflavin, allows determination of each vitamin at its optimum wavelength for maximum sensitivity. Detection limits were 0.05 ng for both thiamine and riboflavin. The method can also be performed by using a fluorescence detector at a single wavelength, but with a sacrifice of sensitivity. Data comparisons between AOAC fluorometric and LC results were excellent for routine samples, as well as for American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC) check samples. All LC results from AACC samples were within 2 standard deviations of the mean. Reproducibility was 1.9% for thiamine and 1.6% for riboflavin.

Comparison of Liquid Chromatographic Method to AOAC Microbiological Method for Determination of L-Tryptophan in Tablets and Capsules

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry S Kim ◽  
Gerald Angyal
Keyword(s):  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Precolumn Derivatization ◽  
Microbiological Method ◽  
Test Portion ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (LC) method coupled with precolumn derivatization of L-tryptophan with phenylisothiocyanate was compared to the AOAC microbiological method for determining L-tryptophan in tablets and capsules. For the microbiological method, the concentrations of L-tryptophan were 4-8% lower in autoclaved test samples (hot method) than in test samples that were not autoclaved (cold method). When L-tryptophan values obtained by the LC method were compared to those obtained by the cold microbiological method, no significant differences were observed (P &gt; 0.05). The mean relative standard deviations were 2.9% for the LC method and 1.6% for the cold microbiological method. The mean recoveries of standard L-tryptophan added before analysis were 99% for the LC method and 101 % for the cold microbiological method. These results demonstrate that both methods are reliable for determining free L-tryptophan contained in tablets and capsules. However, the LC method has the advantages of using a smaller test portion and having a shorter analysis time.

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