A Review of Niosomes as Novel Drug Delivery Systems

The aim of this review is to present the structure of niosome, benefits and drawbacks, fundamentals of niosome preparation and characterization as well as a description of their applications in drug delivery. This review will provide an overview on the increasing interest on niosomes in the field of drug delivery. Drug delivery systems are defined as formulations aiming for transportation of a drug to the desired area of action within the body. The basic component of drug delivery systems is an appropriate carrier that protects the drug from rapid degradation or clearance and thereby enhances drug concentration in target tissues. Drug targeting is a kind of phenomenon in which drug gets distributed in the body in such a manner that the drug interacts with the target tissue at a cellular or subcellular level to achieve a desired therapeutic response at a desire site without undesirable interactions at other sites. This can be achieved by modern methods of targeting the drug delivery system such as niosomes. Niosomes are the type of non-ionic surfactant vesicles, which are biodegradable, non-toxic, more stable and inexpensive, a new approach to liposomes. Their structure similar to liposome and hence they can represent alternative vesicular systems with respect to liposomes. The niosomes have the tendency to load different type of drugs.

Niosomes

Niosome are non-ionic surfactant vesicles. These are obtained by hydrating combination of cholesterol and non-ionic surfactants. It is used as carrier for amphiphilic and lipophilic medicine. Niosomes are identity assemble vesicles collected largely of artificial surfactants and cholesterol. Drug delivery potential of niosomes can be enhanced in use of novel drug delivery concepts similar to proniosomes, discomes and aspasomes. By reducing the clearance the rate of noisomes they provide better help in analytic imaging and as a vaccine adjuvant. As well as they supply better support in analytic imaging and as a vaccine adjuvant. This short communication reviews the niosomes.

Pengaruh Perbedaan Konsentrasi Surfaktan Non Ionik terhadap Karaktersitik Niosom Pterostilben

Excessive radiation from UV light can cause skin damage to melanoma, especially UVB rays. Chronic effects from exposure of excessive UVB rays can induce gene mutations because the exposure of excessive UVB rays directly causes damage to cellular DNA by producing ROS in the epidermis, dermis, and skin epithelium cells. The use of sunscreen is very necessary to prevent skin damage. Sunscreen containing antioxidants are highly recommended to protect the skin from free radicals UVB rays. Pterostilbene is one of the phenolic compounds, which has the pharmacological activity of antioxidants and UV filters to be one of the recommended compounds for sunscreen components. A good delivery system is needed to be formulated to improve the pharmacological effects of pterostilbene on topical use. Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant vesicles which are one of the amphiphilic carrier systems which can carry hydrophobic active ingredients such as pterostilbene, which are expected to increase the pharmacological effect by increasing the penetration of pterostilbene into the skin. Pterostilbene niosome using non-ionic surfactant (span 80 and span 60) by thin layer hydration method. The research aimed to examine the effect of surfactant concentration (span 80 and span 60) 2, 4, and 6 g toward the characterization of niosome pterostilbene and determine the optimum formulation by particle size. The results of the study showed that the particle size was smaller with an increase in span concentration. Based on these results, the optimum formulation of pterostilbene niosomes is obtained using span 60 with a concentration of 6 g.