The hidden danger of lithium battery powered electric bicycles and scooters: A case series of the Israeli National Burn Center experience

Abstract Electric powered bicycles and scooters that use rechargeable lithium batteries are an urban transportation alternative and have become increasingly popular. However, in recent years, there has been an increase in patient admissions to the Israeli National Burn Center with burns associated with their use. In this case series of all patients (n=9) referred to the Emergency Department (February 2016 - October 2020) with lithium related battery burns from electric powered bicycles and scooters, we present burn depth, size, treatment, inhalation injuries and hospitalization. All patients were admitted to in the Israeli National Burn Center for treatment. The average total burn surface area was 27.5% (range 3-57%). All but one patient had a combination of partial to full-thickness burns affecting the upper and lower limbs. Three patients sustained inhalation injuries and a total of four patients required intubation. Seven patients required surgery that included debridement and, in most cases, skin grafting. The availability and increase in the use of battery powered bicycles and scooters may lead to an increase in injuries and death if consumers are not aware of the potential dangers related to the safe use of lithium batteries.

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Cryogenic Refrigerant Burns: A Rare Occupational Hazard

Workplace Health & Safety ◽

10.1177/2165079920965539 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 216507992096553

Author(s):

Suvashis Dash ◽

Vamseedharan Muthukumar ◽

Rajkumar R ◽

Durga Karki

Keyword(s):

Exposure Time ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Hand Function ◽

Skin Grafting ◽

Burn Injuries ◽

Air Conditioners ◽

Burn Center ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Treatment Measures ◽

Burn Depth

Background Cryogenic burns induced by coolant gases used in refrigerators and air conditioners are rarely encountered, despite the wide use of these gases. To date, only a few cases have been reported in the literature. This study examined the occupational circumstances leading to such injuries, relevant injury sites, types of chemicals involved, and treatment measures. Methods This study was conducted in a tertiary burn center in India between March 2015 and March 2019. The demographic details, chemicals involved, and burn regions and characteristics were analyzed. Findings There were 15 burn cases all involving injury to the hand. All injuries were managed initially with dressings and nonoperative management. One patient required anti-edema therapy with limb elevation and fingertip debridement, while another patient required skin grafting. All patients had satisfactory hand function after treatment. Conclusions/Application to Practice Cryogenic burn injuries caused by refrigerants are rare, and their etiology varies considerably. Exposure time is the primary factor that determines burn depth and severity; hence, reducing exposure time is important in first aid. Our findings suggest that after exposure, the patient should be treated in a specialized burn center. Adequate knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of these types of burn injuries and their management is necessary; otherwise, misjudgments in the treatment plan can lead to adverse consequences.

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A new class of high capacity cation-disordered oxides for rechargeable lithium batteries: Li–Ni–Ti–Mo oxides

Energy & Environmental Science ◽

10.1039/c5ee02329g ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 3255-3265 ◽

Cited By ~ 126

Author(s):

Jinhyuk Lee ◽

Dong-Hwa Seo ◽

Mahalingam Balasubramanian ◽

Nancy Twu ◽

Xin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lithium Batteries ◽

Percolation Theory ◽

Lithium Battery ◽

High Capacity ◽

Rechargeable Lithium Batteries ◽

Rechargeable Lithium Battery ◽

New Class

Percolation theory enables the design of high capacity cation-disordered oxides for rechargeable lithium battery cathodes.

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Reality and Future of Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

The Open Materials Science Journal ◽

10.2174/1874088x01105010204 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 204-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Haisheng Tao ◽

Zhizhong Feng ◽

Hao Liu ◽

Xianwen Kan ◽

P. Chen

Keyword(s):

Energy Density ◽

Lithium Batteries ◽

Lithium Battery ◽

Discharge Rate ◽

Rechargeable Batteries ◽

Cycle Life ◽

Rechargeable Lithium Batteries ◽

Rechargeable Lithium Battery ◽

Materials Used

Compared to other types of rechargeable batteries, the rechargeable lithium battery has many advantages, such as: higher energy density, lower self-discharge rate, higher voltages and longer cycle life. This article provides an overview of the cathode, anode, electrolyte and separator materials used in rechargeable lithium batteries. The advantages and challenges of various materials used in rechargeable lithium batteries will be discussed, followed by a highlight of developing trends in lithium battery research.

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The New Approach of Intercalation Material for The Application of Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

Active and Passive Electronic Components ◽

10.1155/1994/95740 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Shi-Jie Wen ◽

Xiao-Tian Yin ◽

L. Nazar

Keyword(s):

Black Carbon ◽

Lithium Batteries ◽

Lithium Battery ◽

Rechargeable Battery ◽

Rechargeable Lithium Batteries ◽

Lithium Ions ◽

Battery Cell ◽

New Approach ◽

Lithium Rechargeable Battery ◽

Electrochemical Intercalation

A new approach of lithium electrochemical (de)intercalation material has been put forward. This approach requires a two-compound (physically or chemically) composite in which one is a chemically and electrochemically stable and porous (tunnel, cage, layer, etc.) compound such as clay or zeolite, and the other is a chemically and electrochemically stable and metallic compound such as graphite, metal powder or black carbon. Neither does the redox couple in this composite absolutely exist nor does the redox reaction, which is associated with electrochemical charge and discharge processes when this composite is used as an cathodic electrode in a lithium battery cell. In this paper, we show the results of the lithium electrochemical intercalation process in both black carbon-mixed zeolite and clay electrodes. In these solid electrodes, black carbon serves to delocalize (transport) electrons for balancing the charges while zeolite and clay offer the neutrally reversible sites for lithium ions. This approach can hopefully become a guide for the designing of new intercalation material and so will be very important in the application of the lithium rechargeable battery.

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Electrospun Silsequioxane-grafted PVDF hybrid membranes for high-performance rechargeable lithium batteries

Composites Part B Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108849 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 215 ◽

pp. 108849 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lingli Liu ◽

Tongwei Xu ◽

Xuefeng Gui ◽

Shuxi Gao ◽

Longfeng Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lithium Batteries ◽

High Performance ◽

Hybrid Membranes ◽

Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

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Fabrication and Characterization of Nylon 66/PAN Nanofibrous Film Used as Separator of Lithium-Ion Battery

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13121984 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 1984

Author(s):

Yu-Hsun Nien ◽

Chih-Ning Chang ◽

Pao-Lin Chuang ◽

Chun-Han Hsu ◽

Jun-Lun Liao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Lithium Batteries ◽

Lithium Battery ◽

Coulombic Efficiency ◽

Electronic Devices ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Nylon 66 ◽

Excellent Electrochemical Performance ◽

Fabrication And Characterization

In recent years, portable electronic devices have flourished, and the safety of lithium batteries has received increasing attention. In this study, nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning using different ratios of nylon 66/polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and their properties were studied and compared with commercial PP separators. The experimental results show that the addition of PAN in nylon 66/PAN nanofibrous film used as separator of lithium-ion battery can enhance the porosity up to 85%. There is also no significant shrinkage in the shrinkage test, and the thermal dimensional stability is good. When the Li/LiFePO4 lithium battery is prepared by nylon 66/PAN nanofibrous film used as separator, the capacitor can be maintained at 140 mAhg−1 after 20 cycles at 0.1 C, and the coulombic efficiency is still maintained at 99%, which has excellent electrochemical performance.

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