House Fly Control and Insecticide Resistance with Continued Use of Diazinon, Ronnel, and Dimethoate1

1967 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elton J. Hansens ◽  
Herman J. Benezet ◽  
Edward S. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Fly Control

Multiple Genetic Mutations Related to Insecticide Resistance are Detected in Field Kazakhstani House Flies (Muscidae: Diptera)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruina Qu ◽  
Jiang Zhu ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Roman Jashenko ◽  
Xinghui Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Fly Control

Abstract The house fly (Musca domestica Linnaeus) is an important disease vector. Insecticide resistance is an obstacle to effective house fly control. Previous studies have demonstrated that point mutations in acetylcholinesterase (Ace), carboxylesterase (MdαE7) and voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc), and over-expression of CYP6D1v1 confer insecticide resistance in the house fly. However, information about the status and underlying mechanisms of insecticide resistance in Kazakhstani house flies is lacking. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of genetic mutations associated with insecticide resistance in field house flies collected at six different locations in southern Kazakhstan. Four mutations (V260L, G342A/V, and F407Y) in Ace and three mutations (G137D and W251L/S) in MdαE7 were detected with appreciable frequencies. Notably, haplotypes carrying triple-loci mutations in Ace and double mutations in MdαE7 were found in Kazakhstan. The L1014H and L1014F mutations in Vssc, and CYP6D1v1 resistance allele were detected at a low frequency in some of the six investigated house fly populations. Phylogenetic analyses of haplotypes supported multiple origins of resistance mutations in Ace and MdαE7. These observations suggest that house flies in southern Kazakhstan may exhibit significant resistance to organophosphates and carbamates. Regular monitoring of insecticide resistance is recommended to achieve effective house fly control by chemical agents in southern Kazakhstan.

Selection, Reversion, and Characterization of House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Behavioral Resistance to the Insecticide Imidacloprid

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1843-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb B Hubbard ◽  
Alec C Gerry
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
House Fly ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Behavioral Resistance ◽  
Fly Control

Abstract Insecticide resistance in pest populations is an increasing problem in both urban and rural settings caused by over-application of insecticides and lack of rotation among chemical classes. The house fly (Musca domestica L.) is a cosmopolitan fly species implicated in the transmission of numerous pathogens, and which can be extremely pestiferous when present in high numbers. The evolution of insecticide resistance has long been documented in house flies, with resistance reported to all major insecticide classes. House fly resistance to imidacloprid, the most widely used neonicotinoid insecticide available for fly control, has been selected for in field populations through both physiological and behavioral resistance mechanisms. In the current study, house flies collected from a southern California dairy were selectively bred for behavioral resistance to imidacloprid, without increasing the physiological resistance profile of the selected flies. Flies were also successfully selected for behavioral susceptibility to imidacloprid. The rapid selection for either behavioral resistance or behavioral susceptibility suggests that inheritable alleles conferring behavioral resistance were already present in the wild-type fly population collected from the dairy site. The methods used for the specific selection of behavioral resistance (or susceptibility) in the fly population will be useful for further studies on the specific mechanisms conferring this resistance. House fly behavioral resistance was further investigated using behavioral observation and feeding preference assays, with resistance determined to be both contact-dependent and specific to the insecticide (imidacloprid) rather than to a non-insecticidal component of a bait matrix as previously documented.

House Fly Control in Climate-Controlled Caged-Hen Layer Houses1

1973 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Matthysse ◽  
David McClain
Keyword(s):  
House Fly ◽  
Fly Control

Technical Rabon for Larval House Fly Control in Cow Manure123

1972 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1064-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Miller ◽  
C. H. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
House Fly ◽  
Fly Control

Behavioral Inhibition of the House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) When Exposed to Commercial Equine Fly Repellents

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth V Tuorinsky ◽  
Erika T Machtinger
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Control Method ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
Horse Owners ◽  
Better Than

Abstract House flies can have negative consequences on the welfare of horses and other equids. Fly repellents in the form of on-animal sprays, wipes, or spot-ons are the most commonly used fly control method for horses. Many products are available, but repellent efficacy and duration of effectiveness may influence repellent choice by horse owners. A better understanding of the efficacy of common fly repellent products will help guide repellent selection to reduce fly pressure on horses. To evaluate commercially available repellents, house fly behavioral inhibition after application of three products marketed as natural (Ecovet, Equiderma, and Outsmart) and four with synthetic pyrethroids as active ingredients (Bronco, Endure, UltraShield, and Optiforce) was compared at 100, 50, and 25% concentration and at 15, 30, 60, 240, 1,440, and 2,880 min. Time and product were significant at all tested concentrations. The natural products performed as well as or better than the synthetic products at all dilutions and times. Ecovet in particular retained over 75% inhibition of flies for >1 d at the 100 and 50% concentrations. Differences were seen among products with pyrethroids, suggesting that formulation differences significantly affect efficacy. Cost and application suggestions are discussed, and these results will aid horse owners in selecting fly repellents to meet their individual needs.

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