Evaluating Behavioral Responses of Selected Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Spinosad

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2732-2738
Author(s):  
Kukuh Hernowo ◽  
Kathy Kamminga ◽  
Jeffrey A Davis
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Redbanded Stink Bug ◽  
Southern Green Stink Bug ◽  
Oebalus Pugnax ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Rice Stink Bug

Abstract Southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) and redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) are two of the most important seed sucking pests affecting Louisiana soybean production and rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.) is an important late season pest in Louisiana rice. Exploration of chemicals that exhibit attraction or repellent activities toward major stink bug species would be beneficial in developing push–pull strategies. Spinosad is a commercially available natural insecticide that may have arrestant, attractant, or phagostimulant properties against stink bugs. To test this, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the tactile, olfactory, and feeding responses of these stink bugs toward two commercial spinosad products (Entrust and Tracer) and technical grade spinosad. In tactile assays, female and male redbanded stink bug were arrested by Entrust, Tracer, and technical grade spinosad, whereas only rice stink bug and southern green stink bug males were arrested by Entrust. Y-tube assays revealed no attraction to any of the products by either male or female rice stink bug, redbanded stink bug, or southern green stink bug. In paired (treated or untreated soybean seed) feeding preference experiments, southern green stink bug showed no preference for any treatment, whereas redbanded stink bug fed more on Entrust- and Tracer-treated seed. From these results, spinosad appears to have an arrestant and phagostimulant effect on redbanded stink bug in the laboratory.

Susceptibility of Rice to Oebalus pugnax (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Feeding at Different Levels of Grain Maturity and Impacts on Insecticide Termination

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Cato ◽  
G M Lorenz ◽  
N R Bateman ◽  
J T Hardke ◽  
J L Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Oebalus Pugnax ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Rice Panicles ◽  
Or Applications ◽  
Rice Stink Bug

Abstract The stages of rice, Oryza sativa L. (Poales: Poaceae), grain maturity that are most susceptible to rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.), damage have been identified; however, the stage at which they are no longer capable of causing appreciable damage during grain maturity is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of rice to rice stink bug feeding at different levels of grain maturity and determine an insecticide termination timing. Rice stink bug damage was examined using five levels of grain maturity described as percent of kernels reaching mature straw coloration referred to as hard dough (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) across a range of infestation levels using single panicle sleeve cages and large cages. Hybrid and conventional cultivar rice panicles at 20, 40, and 60% hard dough were found to be susceptible to indirect yield loss, as two rice stink bugs per panicle resulted in over 7% peck. In large cage trials, 25 rice stink bugs caused 0.7–1% peck to hybrid and conventional rice plots at 20% hard dough. Much less damage was observed once rice reached 60% hard dough, where peck averages only reached 0.4%. Decreased damage at 60% hard dough was validated using uncaged trials where 0.4% additional peck was observed in unsprayed plots. These data indicate that rice in the early stages of hard dough is susceptible to large levels of indirect yield loss, but unless significant densities of rice stink bug are present at 60% hard dough, no more sampling or applications are necessary.

Effect of Weeds on Rice Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Populations in Florida Rice Fields

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Cherry ◽  
Andy Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Oebalus Pugnax ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum ◽  
Rice Stink Bug

The effect of weeds on rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.), populations was studied in Florida rice fields. Fall panicum, Panicum dichotomiflorum Michaux, was the most common grassy weed found in weedy areas of rice fields, and significantly more rice stink bugs were found in these weedy areas vs nonweedy areas in the fields. Large numbers of rice stink bugs also were found in unmowed roadsides containing heading weeds, especially coast cockspur, Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) Heller. In contrast, few rice stink bugs were found in mowed roadsides which prevented weed heading around rice fields. Our study shows that weed control helps reduce rice stink bug populations in Florida rice.

scholarly journals A transcriptomic and proteomic atlas of expression in the Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) midgut suggests the compartmentalization of xenobiotic metabolism and nutrient digestion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Denecke ◽  
Panagiotis Ioannidis ◽  
Benjamin Buer ◽  
Aris Ilias ◽  
Vassilis Douris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Step ◽  
Xenobiotic Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nezara Viridula ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Molecular Physiology ◽  
Southern Green Stink Bug ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Background Stink bugs are an emerging threat to crop security in many parts of the globe, but there are few genetic resources available to study their physiology at a molecular level. This is especially true for tissues such as the midgut, which forms the barrier between ingested material and the inside of the body. Results Here, we focus on the midgut of the southern green stink bug Nezara viridula and use both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches to create an atlas of expression along the four compartments of the anterior-posterior axis. Estimates of the transcriptome completeness were high, which led us to compare our predicted gene set to other related stink bugs and Hemiptera, finding a high number of species-specific genes in N. viridula. To understand midgut function, gene ontology and gene family enrichment analyses were performed for the most highly expressed and specific genes in each midgut compartment. These data suggested a role for the anterior midgut (regions M1-M3) in digestion and xenobiotic metabolism, while the most posterior compartment (M4) was enriched in transmembrane proteins. A more detailed characterization of these findings was undertaken by identifying individual members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily and nutrient transporters thought to absorb amino acids or sugars. Conclusions These findings represent an initial step to understand the compartmentalization and physiology of the N. viridula midgut at a genetic level. Future studies will be able to build on this work and explore the molecular physiology of the stink bug midgut.

Seasonal Abundance of Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and Other Polyphagous Species in a Multi-Crop Environment in South Arkansas

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Smith ◽  
Randall G. Luttrell ◽  
Jeremy K. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Management ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Southern Green Stink Bug ◽  
Green Stink Bug

A 3-yr study was conducted to determine seasonal abundance of major pentatomid, noctuid, and mirid pests in a multicrop environment in south Arkansas. Replicated field plots (~0.1 ha) containing cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), genetically engineered to express the Cry 1Ac toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), nonBt cotton, Bt corn, Zea mays (L.), genetically engineered to express the Cry 1Ab toxin of B. thuringiensis, nonBt corn, maturity group (MG) III, IV, V, and VI soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, and grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, were planted each year. Crop preferences of 3 stink bug species [southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say), and brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say)] were recorded and observations also were made on the relative abundance of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beavois). Significantly higher densities of stink bugs were present in MG IV soybean than in all other crops in July and August during all 3 yrs of study. Densities of heliothines were significantly greater in grain sorghum and corn than in other crops during July. Tarnished plant bugs were most commonly observed in cotton. Preferences of these polyphagous pests for different crops at specific stages of phenological development appear to be predictable aspects of insect behavior that may be exploited in trap crops or other landscape management systems.

Influence of Sweep Length on Rice Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Capture and Reliability of Population Density Estimates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J Cato ◽  
Nicholas R Bateman ◽  
Gus M Lorenz ◽  
Jarrod T Hardke ◽  
Joseph L Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Specific Recommendation ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Oebalus Pugnax ◽  
Sweep Net ◽  
Rice Stink Bug

Abstract The rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.), is a key pest of heading rice, Oryza sativa L. (Poales: Poaceae), in the southern United States. Sweep net sampling is the recommended method for sampling rice stink bug in rice, but there currently exists no specific recommendation for sweep length, and a large amount of variation likely exists amongst samplers. The objectives of this study were to determine the role that sweep length plays in sampling accuracy and determine the feasibility of using sweep lengths smaller than 180°. When monitoring sweep lengths by consultants, producers, and researchers, a large amount of variation in sweep length and a significant linear relationship between sweep length and rice stink bug catch per 10 sweeps was observed. Sweep length was then controlled at three levels (0.8, 1.8, and 3.5 m) and a change from 0.8 to 1.8 m in sweep length led to an increase on average of 2.28 rice stink bugs per 10 sweeps. These data suggest knowledge of sweep length is vital, and paired with large amounts of observed variation in sweep length, recommending a specific sweep length is ideal. Using Taylor’s values, it was determined that 1.8 m sweeps resulted in density estimates that were as reliable as 3.5 m (180°) sweeps, suggesting a longer sweep length was not necessary. A 1.8 m sweep length recommendation would create an easier sampling regimen that is still reliable, which could lead to more accurate action threshold decisions being made for rice stink bug if it increases adoption in consultants and producers.

scholarly journals A transcriptomic and proteomic atlas of expression in the Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) midgut suggests the compartmentalization of xenobiotic metabolism and nutrient digestion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Denecke ◽  
Panagiotis Ioannidis ◽  
Benjamin Buer ◽  
Aris Ilias ◽  
Vassilis Douris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Step ◽  
Xenobiotic Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nezara Viridula ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Molecular Physiology ◽  
Southern Green Stink Bug ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Background Stink bugs are an emerging threat to crop security in many parts of the globe, but there are few genetic resources available to study their physiology at a molecular level. This is especially true for tissues such as the midgut, which forms the barrier between ingested material and the inside of the body. Results Here, we focus on the midgut of the southern green stink bug Nezara viridula and use both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches to create an atlas of expression along the four compartments of the anterior-posterior axis. Estimates of the transcriptome completeness were high, which led us to compare our predicted gene set to other related stink bugs and Hemiptera, finding a high number of species-specific genes in N. viridula. To understand midgut function, gene ontology and gene family enrichment analyses were performed for the most highly expressed and specific genes in each midgut compartment. These data suggested a role for the anterior midgut (regions M1-M3) in digestion and xenobiotic metabolism, while the most posterior compartment (M4) was enriched in transmembrane proteins. A more detailed characterization of these findings was undertaken by identifying individual members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily and nutrient transporters thought to absorb amino acids or sugars. Conclusions These findings represent an initial step to understand the compartmentalization and physiology of the N. viridula midgut at a genetic level. Future studies will be able to build on this work and explore the molecular physiology of the stink bug midgut.

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