Pupation Behavior and Predation on Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Pupae in Maine Wild Blueberry Fields

2017 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 2308-2317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elissa S Ballman ◽  
Judith A Collins ◽  
Francis A Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Pupation Behavior ◽  
Wild Blueberry

scholarly journals Octabor (boron) as a Low Toxicity Control Tactic for the Spotted Wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Troy Cloutier ◽  
Francis Andrew Drummond ◽  
Judith Collins
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Sugar Addition ◽  
Wild Blueberry

The recently introduced spotted wing drosophila is one of the most serious pests in small fruit production in the United States and Europe. Most control relies upon multiple applications of synthetic insecticides. In an effort to find less-toxic insecticides to consumers, farm workers, and wildlife, we conducted two laboratory trials and a semi-field trial in order to assess the potential for disodium octaborate tetrahydrateformulated and sold as Octabor®(U.S. Borax, Inc.) as a control for spotted wing drosophila in wild blueberry. We found that Octabor at 0.6 and 1.0% (w/v) applied to wild blueberry fruit resulted in higher mortality of flies than non-treated control fruit. Addition of sugar to Octabor enhanced mortality in one of the two trials, with an interaction between sugar addition and Octabor rate suggesting that the addition of sugar provided the greatest enhancement at the low rate. Our semi-field study showed that an apparent repellency effect of Octabor provided protection of fruit from infestation for up to 3 days. Also in the semi-field study, we observed a delayed effect on fly mortality. Increased fly mortality occurred over time, relative to the non-treated control fruit. The greatest fly mortality, relative to the non-treated control, resulted from flies being exposed to fruit treated 3 and 7 days prior to fly exposure, but not immediately after the treatment of Octabor. We speculate on why this type of delay in mortality might have occurred.    

Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Adult Movement, Activity, and Oviposition Behavior in Maine Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium; Ericales: Ericaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1623-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis A Drummond ◽  
Elissa Ballman ◽  
Judith A Collins
Keyword(s):  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Dispersal Pattern ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Fluorescent Marker ◽  
Fluorescent Markers ◽  
Wild Blueberry

Abstract Over a period of 5 yr (2012–2016), we conducted laboratory and field studies on activity, movement, and response to trap placement of adult Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) in wild blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton, fields in Maine. When measuring temporal patterns in fruit infestation, we found that D. suzukii females are most active in the morning and that they are 10 times more likely to lay eggs in blueberries at the top of the plant canopy compared with berries located in the lower part of the bush. Flies were found to be more abundant in fruit-bearing (crop) fields compared with pruned (vegetative) fields based on trap capture of adults. They are also most abundant along edges of fields compared with interiors. Trap efficiency is significantly better in traps 1.2 m above the ground and above the crop canopy of this low-growing crop plant than within the crop canopy. Three experiments involving the marking of laboratory-reared flies with fluorescent marker, their release, and capture with traps along a grid in fields suggest that: 1) fluorescent markers do not affect the distance moved of marked flies, 2) dispersal rates are not different between sexes, 3) there is little difference in the dispersal pattern through pruned fields and fruit-bearing fields, and 4) flies disperse at a low rate of 0.1–30 m per day, with an average of 5 m per day, but that long-distance dispersal over 1–2 km is feasible based on statistical model extrapolation.

scholarly journals Population Dynamics of Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumara) in Maine Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Drummond ◽  
Elissa Ballamn ◽  
Judith Collins
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Insecticide Application ◽  
Wild Fruit ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Gamma Density ◽  
Action Thresholds ◽  
Wild Blueberry

A long-term investigation of D. suzukii dynamics in wild blueberry fields from 2012 - 2018 demonstrates relative abundance is still increasing seven years after initial invasion. Relative abundance is determined by physiological date of first detection and air temperatures the previous winter. Date of first detection of flies does not determine date of fruit infestation. The level of fruit infestation is determined by year, fly pressure, and insecticide application frequency. Frequency of insecticide application is determined by production system. Non-crop wild fruit and predation influences fly pressure; increased wild fruit abundance results in increased fly pressure. Increased predation rate reduces fly pressure, but only at high abundance of flies, or when high levels of wild fruit are present along field edges. Male sex ratio might be declining over the seven years. Action thresholds were developed from samples of 92 fields from 2012 - 2017 that related cumulative adult male trap capture to the following week likelihood of fruit infestation. A two-parameter gamma density function describing this probability was used to develop a risk-based gradient action threshold system. The action thresholds were validated from 2016-2018 in 35 fields and were shown to work well in two of three years (2016 and 2017).

scholarly journals Intraspecific Competition Affects the Pupation Behavior of Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherre Sade Bezerra Da Silva ◽  
Kyoo R. Park ◽  
Rachel A. Blood ◽  
Vaughn M. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Pupation Behavior

scholarly journals Population Dynamics of Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura)) in Maine Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton)

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Drummond ◽  
Elissa Ballman ◽  
Judith Collins
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Insecticide Application ◽  
Wild Fruit ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Gamma Density ◽  
Action Thresholds ◽  
Wild Blueberry

A long-term investigation of D. suzukii dynamics in wild blueberry fields from 2012–2018 demonstrates relative abundance is either still increasing or exhibiting periodicity seven years after the initial invasion. Relative abundance is determined by physiological date of first detection and air temperatures the previous winter. Date of first detection of flies does not determine date of fruit infestation. The level of fruit infestation is determined by year, fly pressure, and insecticide application frequency. Frequency of insecticide application is determined by production system. Non-crop wild fruit and predation influences fly pressure; increased wild fruit abundance results in increased fly pressure. Increased predation rate reduces fly pressure, but only at high abundance of flies, or when high levels of wild fruit are present along field edges. Male sex ratio might be declining over the seven years. Action thresholds were developed from samples of 92 fields from 2012–2017 that related cumulative adult male trap capture to the following week likelihood of fruit infestation. A two-parameter gamma density function describing this probability was used to develop a risk-based gradient action threshold system. The action thresholds were validated from 2016–2018 in 35 fields and were shown to work well in two of three years (2016 and 2017).

scholarly journals The Economic Impacts and Management of Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila Suzukii): The Case of Wild Blueberries in Maine

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1262-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Adeline Yeh ◽  
Francis A Drummond ◽  
Miguel I Gómez ◽  
Xiaoli Fan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impacts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Risk Scenarios ◽  
Wild Blueberry ◽  
Early Harvest

Abstract Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), or spotted wing drosophila, has become a major pest concern for berry growers in the United States. In this study, we evaluated the economic impacts of D. suzukii on the Maine wild blueberry industry from two perspectives. The first analysis estimated the state-level economic impacts of D. suzukii on the wild blueberry industry in Maine in the absence of control. We found that D. suzukii could result in drastic revenue losses to the industry, which could be over $6.8 million under the worst-case scenario (assuming a 30% yield reduction). In the second analysis, we used Monte Carlo simulation to compare the expected revenues under different management strategies for a typical wild blueberry farm in Maine. The analysis focused on a decision-making week during the harvesting season, which the grower can choose in between three control strategies: no-control, early harvest, or insecticide application. The results suggested that insecticide applications are not economically optimal in most low infestation risk scenarios. Furthermore, although the early harvest strategy is one of the strategies to avoid D. suzukii infestations for wild blueberry production in Maine, the tradeoff is the revenue loss from the unripe crop. Using the simulation results, we summarized optimal harvest timing regarding the fruit maturity level under different D. suzukii infestation risk scenarios, which can minimize the revenue loss from adopting the early harvest management strategy.

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