scholarly journals Greater Inequality and Household Borrowing: New Evidence from Household Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2922-2971
Author(s):  
Olivier Coibion ◽  
Yuriy Gorodnichenko ◽  
Marianna Kudlyak ◽  
John Mondragon
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Household Data ◽  
Credit Supply ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Household Borrowing ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Low Income Households

Abstract Using household-level debt data over 2000–2012 and local variation in inequality, we show that low-income households in high-inequality regions (zip codes, counties, states) accumulated less debt relative to their income than low-income households in lower inequality regions. We also find evidence that low-income households face higher credit prices and reduced access to credit as inequality increases. We argue that these patterns are consistent with inequality tilting credit supply away from low-income households and toward high-income households, which may have long-run implications for outcomes like homeownership or entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals Early Marriage as a Determinant of Poverty in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-119
Author(s):  
Adenuga Adekoya ◽  
◽  
Gbenro Sokunbi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Long Run

A greater percentage of women in developing countries married before their 18th birthday. Early marriage serves as a threat to a child's future development. This is because it is difficult to have access to quality education and higher education, and it limits the ability to secure a good job. Also, girls involved in early marriage face acute poverty conditions. This research examined the link between early marriage and poverty in Nigeria. Annual data is sourced from 1970 to 2017. Granger causality is used to determine the nature of causality. Autoregressive Distributed Lagged Model is further used to estimate the data. The result showed that a bi-directional Granger causality exists between early marriage and poverty as well as for low-income and early marriage. In the long-run estimation, early marriage, secondary education and low-income increase poverty. Also, social welfare and access to credit facilities reduce poverty. The policy makers are therefore encouraged to improve social welfare for girls in early marriage and provide easy access to credit facilities for them to pursue higher education or entrepreneurship skills, in a bid to gradually move them out of poverty.

scholarly journals Does Greater Inequality Lead to More Household Borrowing? New Evidence from Household Data

2016 ◽  
pp. 01-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Coibion ◽  
◽  
Yuriy Gorodnichenko ◽  
Marianna Kudlyak ◽  
John Mondragon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Household Data ◽  
Household Borrowing ◽  
New Evidence

scholarly journals Moved to Opportunity: The Long-Run Effects of Public Housing Demolition on Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 3028-3056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Chyn
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Housing Vouchers ◽  
Disadvantaged Neighborhoods ◽  
Young Adult Outcomes ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Displaced Children ◽  
High School Dropout Rates ◽  
Housing Demolition ◽  
New Evidence

This paper provides new evidence on the effects of moving out of disadvantaged neighborhoods on the long-run outcomes of children. I study public housing demolitions in Chicago, which forced low-income households to relocate to less disadvantaged neighborhoods using housing vouchers. Specifically, I compare young adult outcomes of displaced children to their peers who lived in nearby public housing that was not demolished. Displaced children are more likely to be employed and earn more in young adulthood. I also find that displaced children have fewer violent crime arrests. Children displaced at young ages have lower high school dropout rates. (JEL H75, I38, J13, R23, R38)

scholarly journals A Low Income Housing Needs and Affordability for Thailand’s Strategic National Plan During 2017-2037

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Chaweewan Denpaiboon ◽  
Kitti Limsakul ◽  
Sarich Chotipanich
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Housing Needs ◽  
Low Income Housing ◽  
Low Income Households

This paper has developed a model to forecast the housing needs and affordability of the low-income households in Thailand 2018-2037. The model has applied the baseline data from the socioeconomic survey (SES 2015). Considering official population projections by the changing age structure and household formations based on income, forecasts can be made about housing needed by ‘Renters’, who are the target group of the low-income households. Given, heuristic scenarios on households’ income growthover time, an initial planning model for affordable units of housing by types for renters has been proposed. Effective government policy to mobilize social resource for this low-income household is needed. It is shown that in the long-run, as mean income rises with changing income distribution, households can rely more on the private market provision of housing supply. The model can easily be used for Strategic National Planning by changing assumptions and parameters by the National Housing Authority of Thailand. The NHA in partnership with CODI can solidly plan for the role of low-income housing policy with government intervention on interest rates, terms loan and other policy instruments such as tax exemption for the land sharing in the housing and community development. This paper suggests meta-planning of an urban city model study where NHA, CODI will work together in partnership with other government agencies, the private sector, financial institutions, and academics 

scholarly journals Does Greater Inequality Lead to More Household Borrowing? New Evidence from Household Data

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Coibion ◽  
Yuriy Gorodnichenko ◽  
Marianna Kudlyak ◽  
John Mondragon
Keyword(s):  
Household Data ◽  
Household Borrowing ◽  
New Evidence

scholarly journals Outpatient and Inpatient Service Use by Chinese Adults Living in Rural Low-Income Households

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
Peiyi Lu ◽  
Jun Yao ◽  
Chunyu Yang ◽  
Mack Shelley ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Outpatient Service ◽  
Health Service Use ◽  
Inpatient Service ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Income Households

Abstract Background: This study applied the Andersen Model of Health Care Utilization to explore the variables associated with health service use among Chinese adults living in rural low-income households. Method: A survey of 2,429 adults living in 787 low-income households in Jiangsu, China was conducted. Respondents were asked the presence of outpatient service in the past one month and the amount of hospitalization in the past one year. Mixed effect logistic and negative binomial models were used to examine the relationship of individual-level and household-level characteristics with health service use. Results: Health condition was the predominant determinant of both outpatient and inpatient service use (Odds Ratio [OR] >1, p<0.001). Individuals living in a poor household were less likely to use outpatient service (OR=0.05, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.00, 0.71), and the longer in poverty status the less likely to use outpatient service (OR=0.92, CI: 0.86, 0.99). Age was associated with lower likelihood to use outpatient service (OR=0.93, CI: 0.93, 1.00), and this relationship was stronger for larger households (OR=1.01, CI: 1.00, 1.01). For inpatient service use, most household-level measures were insignificant. Conclusion: Rural Chinese health service use was influenced primarily by needs variables. Outpatient service use was constrained by household enabling variables. Older adults were at a disadvantage for using outpatient service when the family prioritized younger members in allocating resources. These results suggest the need for policy advocacy to expand insurance reimbursement and improve benefits for poor older adults.

scholarly journals The short-term economic effects of COVID-19 on low-income households in rural Kenya: An analysis using weekly financial household data

2021 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 105280
Author(s):  
Wendy Janssens ◽  
Menno Pradhan ◽  
Richard de Groot ◽  
Estelle Sidze ◽  
Hermann Pythagore Pierre Donfouet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Household Data ◽  
Rural Kenya ◽  
Low Income Households

Rural Food Deserts: Food Access Status among Low-Income Households in Rural Area, Kedah, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-114
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zubir Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Food Deserts ◽  
International Level ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Low Income Households

Food security happens when all people have physical and economic access to enough safe and nutritious food that satisfies their nutritional needs and desires for an active and balanced life at all times (FAO 2008). Food access is one of the key aspects of food security that must be met in order to achieve food security status. Food access, described as a sufficient supply of food at the national or international level, does not guarantee food security at the household level. Concerns regarding inadequate food access have prompted policymakers to place a greater emphasis on wages, expenditures, economies, and prices in order to achieve food security goals (FAO 2008). Keywords: Food Access, Low-Income Households, Food Deserts

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