scholarly journals Hind limb myology of the ringtail ( Bassariscus astutus ) and the myology of hind foot reversal

2015 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Liu ◽  
Shawn P. Zack ◽  
Lynn Lucas ◽  
Darien Allen ◽  
Rebecca E. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
The Family ◽  
Bassariscus Astutus ◽  
Hind Foot

Abstract The ringtail ( Bassariscus astutus ) is a widely distributed small carnivorous mammal (Procyonidae) in Mexico and the southwestern United States. As in other procyonids, the ringtail is capable of rotating its hind foot to allow headfirst descent of vertical substrates. The osteological correlates of this process, termed hind foot reversal, are well documented, but potential myological correlates have never been investigated. We present the 1st detailed study of the muscular anatomy of the hind limb of B. astutus , including the 1st muscle maps of the pelvis and pes of any procyonid. Comparison of the hind limb myology of the ringtail with other arctoid carnivorans, including taxa incapable of hind foot reversal, indicates that the muscles responsible for the action of reversal do not differ significantly between nonreversing forms and taxa capable of partial or full reversal. This suggests that specific myological adaptations are not necessary to achieve hind foot reversal. However, increased development of the digital flexors, which maintain a grip while body mass is supported by the hind limb, may characterize taxa that make use of reversed postures. The hind limb myology of members of Procyonidae does not strongly support either morphological or molecular hypotheses of relationship, in part because relatively few differences among members of the family can be documented.

Coleopteran Pests: Family Scarabaeidae

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Vittum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Large Complex ◽  
The Family ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
General Appearance

This chapter studies Coleopteran pests. The larvae of turfgrass-infesting species of the family Scarabaeidae constitute a large complex whose members (white grubs) are similar in general appearance, in habits, and in the turfgrass damage they cause. At least 10 species of scarabs, belonging to five subfamilies, are pests of turfgrass in the United States. The larvae of this family are known also as grubs, a term applied to the larvae of several Coleoptera (beetles) and Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps) in general. Grubs of the Scarabaeidae are the most serious turfgrass pests in the northeastern United States, and are considered a major pest in the Midwest, Southeast, and parts of the southwestern United States. Their subterranean habits make them among the most difficult of turfgrass insects to manage.

Permian Gastropoda of the southwestern United States: Subulitacea

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (01) ◽  
pp. 56-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas H. Erwin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Species ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
New Family ◽  
West Texas ◽  
Permian System ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status

The composition of Permian members of the superfamily Subulitacea is considered, and 12 new species of Subulitacea are described from the silicified fauna of the Permian System of West Texas and New Mexico. Other elements of the gastropod fauna were previously described by Yochelson (1956a, 1960) and Batten (1958).The new genusIschnoptygmais established for subulitaceans possessing a plate-like columellar fold, and includes the new speciesIschnoptygma archibaldiandI. valentinei.The genus is placed within the new family Ischnoptygmidae. New species of Subulitidae areCeraunocochlis deformis, C. elongata, C. kidderi, C. trekensis, Strobeus girtyi, Soleniscus diminutus, S. variabilis, Cylindritopsis hamiltonae, andC. spheroides.The status of the genusLabridensis questioned, but provisionally retained. The assignment of the family Meekospiridae to the Subulitacea is questioned, and a single new species,Meekospira mimiae, is described.

NOTES ON NEARCTIC TABANINAE (DIPTERA), PART I. STENOTABANUS, ATYLOTUS, AND TABANUS S. STR.

1941 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius B. Philip
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Species ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

Following are comments, descriptions, or new information on species of Nearctic Tabanidae, anticipating compilation of a catalog of the family for the region. Also included is a description of a new species from Mexico which may be taken ultimately in the extreme southwestern United States.

Permian Gastropoda of the southwestern United States: Subulitacea

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas H. Erwin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Species ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
New Family ◽  
West Texas ◽  
Permian System ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status

The composition of Permian members of the superfamily Subulitacea is considered, and 12 new species of Subulitacea are described from the silicified fauna of the Permian System of West Texas and New Mexico. Other elements of the gastropod fauna were previously described by Yochelson (1956a, 1960) and Batten (1958).The new genus Ischnoptygma is established for subulitaceans possessing a plate-like columellar fold, and includes the new species Ischnoptygma archibaldi and I. valentinei. The genus is placed within the new family Ischnoptygmidae. New species of Subulitidae are Ceraunocochlis deformis, C. elongata, C. kidderi, C. trekensis, Strobeus girtyi, Soleniscus diminutus, S. variabilis, Cylindritopsis hamiltonae, and C. spheroides. The status of the genus Labridens is questioned, but provisionally retained. The assignment of the family Meekospiridae to the Subulitacea is questioned, and a single new species, Meekospira mimiae, is described.

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