Development of Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at Constant Temperatures Within its Colony Range in Yangtze River Delta Region of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1215-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoliang Hu ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Yong Sun ◽  
Yingna Zhang ◽  
Man Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Postmortem Interval ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Insect Development ◽  
Chrysomya Rufifacies ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Developmental Models ◽  
Threshold Temperatures

Abstract The age of insects found on corpses is often used to estimate the minimum postmortem interval by forensic entomologists. Insect development is affected by biotic and abiotic factors, and temperature is the most important environmental factor that determines the length of insect development. Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a globally distributed fly that is commonly found on corpses, and this study investigated the development of C. rufifacies from China at various constant temperatures. At 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, and 34°C, the developmental time from egg to adult was 870.17 ± 11.50, 566.20 ± 8.79, 406.38 ± 10.98, 291.14 ± 4.71, 232.59 ± 5.96, 192.47 ± 3.45, and 160.48 ± 7.15 h, respectively. We established three developmental models for C. rufifacies to estimate the age of the developing insect: the isomorphen diagram model, the isomegalen diagram model and the thermal summation model. Regression analysis was conducted to obtain the relationship between body length and development time of the larvae from hatching to wandering. The developmental threshold temperatures of the egg, 1st instar, 2nd instar, 3rd instar, and wandering larvae, and intra-puparial stages were 12.28 ± 0.30, 11.74 ± 0.95, 12.70 ± 0.55, 11.68 ± 0.96, 10.53 ± 1.53, and 12.51 ± 0.41°C, respectively. The developmental threshold temperature, and the thermal summation constant during the entire developmental period were 3759.95 ± 170.80 degree hours and 11.96 ± 0.38°C, respectively. This study provides an improved dataset to estimate the postmortem interval of corpses using C. rufifacies.

scholarly journals Temperature-dependent development of the blow fly Chrysomya pinguis and its significance in estimating postmortem interval

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 190003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingna Zhang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Guoliang Hu ◽  
Man Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Postmortem Interval ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
The Mean

Chrysomya pinguis (Walker) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is an endemic Asiatic blow fly species of forensic importance. Chrysomya pinguis is one of the first species to colonize a corpse, especially in high altitude areas during spring and autumn when the ambient temperature is lower. Despite its potential for forensic investigations to estimate the minimum postmortem interval (PMI min ), little is known about the development of C. pinguis . In this study, C. pinguis was collected from the Yangtze River Delta region of China and reared at seven constant temperatures between 16°C and 34°C to investigate the effect of temperature on development duration, accumulated degree hours and larval body length of C. pinguis . Isomorphen and isomegalen diagrams for C. pinguis were generated using the results, and equations describing the variation in larval body length during development and the temperature-induced variation in development time were also obtained. Chrysomya pinguis can complete its life cycle at 16–34°C. The mean (±s.d.) developmental durations of C. pinguis from egg to adult at 16°C, 19°C, 22°C, 25°C, 28°C, 31°C and 34°C were 811.0 ± 3.8, 544.8 ± 2.0, 379.8 ± 1.8, 306.7 ± 2.4, 250.0 ± 2.8, 203.2 ± 2.1 and 185.3 ± 1.6 h, respectively. The mean (±s.e.) developmental threshold temperature D 0 and the thermal summation constant K of the whole developmental process of C. pinguis were estimated as 10.88 ± 0.21°C and 4256.50 ± 104.50 degree hours, respectively. This study provides fundamental development data for the use of C. pinguis to estimate PMI min .

scholarly journals Development of Sarcophaga dux (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) at constant temperatures and differential gene expression for age estimation of intrapuparial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyan Zhang ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Yanjie Shang ◽  
Lipin Ren ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Developmental Models

Abstract BackgroundSarcophaga dux (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) is a necrophagous flesh fly with potential forensic value in estimating minimum postmortem interval (PMImin). The basic developmental data and precise intrapuparial age estimates are significant for PMImin estimationof application entomological data in legal medicine.MethodsThe development parameters of S. dux at seven constant temperatures from 16°C to 34°C were investigated by rearing using pig lung in the artificial climate box. The appropriate reference genes and intrapuparial differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of S. dux at constant temperatures 34, 25 and 16°C were selected and analyzed using RT-qPCR for more precisely age estimations. ResultsThe developmental durations of S. dux at 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31 and 34°C from larviposition to adult eclosion were 1478.6±18.3, 726.1±15.8, 538.5±0.9, 394.1±9.5, 375.6±10.8, 284.1±7.3, and 252.5±6.1 h, respectively. The thermal summation constant of S. dux was 5341.71±249.29 degree hours, and the developmental threshold temperature was 12.266±0.35°C. The most reliable reference genes under intrapuparial and different temperature in our study were: GST1 and 18S rRNA for 34°C group, GST1 and RPL49 for 25 °C group, and 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA for 16 °C group，the four differential expression genes (Hsp60, A-alpha, ARP, RPL8) can be used to more precisely intrapuparial age estimation of S. dux. ConclusionsThe basic developmental data of S. dux at constant temperatures, such as body length changing of the larva period, accumulated degree hours and duration of development, to establish developmental models that can be used to estimate the PMImin. The selection and evaluation of appropriate reference genes at different experimental conditions are primary with RT-qPCR. The differentially expressed gene can contribute to more accuracy age estimations of S. dux intrapuparial. The result from this study can make contributes to the use of S.dux for estimating PMImin.

Influence of temperature on the development and reproduction of Cinara cedri (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Lachninae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yingchao Ji ◽  
Guohua Li ◽  
Chenggang Zhou ◽  
Shuyan Yin
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Development Duration

Abstract Temperature is one of the main factors affecting insect growth, development and reproduction. The effects of temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C) on the development and reproduction of Cinara cedri Mimeur (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Lachnidae) fed on Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don were evaluated in this study. With the increase of temperature from 10 to 30°C, the development duration at different development stages gradually shortened. There was a significant positive correlation between the developmental rates and temperature, following a quadratic regression model. The lower developmental threshold temperature (C) and effective accumulated temperatures (K) for completing a generation were 4.13°C and 263.4 degree-days, respectively. The highest fecundity was observed at 20°C with 25.74 first-instar nymphs/female. Both the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r, 0.11 ± 0.03) and net reproduction rate (R0, 19.06 ± 2.05) were observed at 20°C, whereas the lowest values of r (0.05 ± 0.01) at 10°C and R0 (5.78 ± 0.88) at 30°C were observed. The results suggest that temperature significantly affects the biology of C. cedri and the optimal temperature for its development is 20°C.

scholarly journals Development of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius,1889) biotype B on Lycopersicon spp. genotypes

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fancelli Marilene ◽  
José Djair Vendramim
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Insect Development ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Direct Damage ◽  
Antibiotic Effect ◽  
Biotype B

Whiteflies are phytophagous insects, whose nymphs and adults suck the phloem sap, causing direct damage due to host plant weakness. In tomato (Lycopersicon spp.) crops, they are important vectors of limiting fitoviruses. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of Lycopersicon spp. genotypes on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) biotype B development under greenhouse conditions. The evaluated genotypes were LA462 (L. peruvianum), LA716 (L. pennellii), LA1584 (L. pimpinellifolium), LA1609 (L. peruvianum), LA1739 (L. hirsutum), P25 (L. esculentum), PI134417 (L. hirsutum f. glabratum) and Santa Clara (L. esculentum). LA716 was non-preferred for oviposition by the whitefly, which suggests an antixenotic effect. LA1584 showed an antibiotic resistance because nymphal survival was reduced and nymphal developmental time was increased. Antixenotic resistance was observed in LA1739 and PI134417, based on a reduction of oviposition. PI134417 also reduced nymphal survival, which suggests an antibiotic effect, but LA1739 was suitable for insect development. LA1609 was highly preferred for oviposition, however it reduced insect survival. P25 and Santa Clara (L. esculentum) were highly preferred for oviposition.

Laboratory comparison of twoAphelinus maliclades for control of woolly apple aphid from Hebei Province, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-405
Author(s):  
M. Su ◽  
X. Tan ◽  
Q. Yang ◽  
C. Zhao ◽  
F. Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shandong Province ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Host Searching ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Woolly Apple Aphid ◽  
Effective Accumulated Temperature ◽  
Aphelinus Mali ◽  
Accumulated Temperature

AbstractAphelinus mali(Haldeman) is an effective natural enemy of woolly apple aphid (WAA),Eriosoma lanigerum(Hausmann). Previous studies have found that, with WAA from Shandong Province (Qingdao) as the host, there are significant differences in various biological characteristics between a Shandong clade and Liaoning clade ofA. mali. The ability of the Shandong clade to control this aphid was significantly higher than that of the Liaoning clade in Shandong Province. In order to determine whether differences were caused by better adaptation of the Shandong parasitoid clade to the population of the host in that province or if it represents a more general fitness of this clade to control the host regardless of location, we compared the same parasitoid clades with hosts from Hebei Province. We found no significant differences in the developmental threshold temperature, effective accumulated temperature, fecundity, longevity, and oviposition period of the two clades, but the duration of host searching of the Shandong clade was significantly longer than that of the Liaoning clade. The instantaneous attack rate, the control ability (a/Th), the search parameter (Q) of the Shandong clade (0.0946, 0.543, 0.0725) ofA. maliwere higher than that of the Liaoning clade (0.0713, 0.382, 0.0381), and therefore, with WAA from Hebei Province as the host, the host adaptability of the Shandong clade ofA. maliwas not worse than that of the Liaoning clade, while the pest control ability of the Shandong clade was still greater than that of the Liaoning clade.

Variation in the rate of hard seed breakdown of twelve tropical legumes in response to two temperature regimes in the laboratory

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Breakdown Rate ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
Breakdown Rates ◽  
Threshold Temperatures

Hard seed content is an important factor in the persistence of tropical pasture legumes as both high and low hard seed content can lead to poor recruitment. As temperature plays an important role in the breakdown of hard seed, the patterns of breakdown were measured in 27 seed lots of tropical legumes subjected to temperature regimes of 23–57˚C and 23–70˚C in laboratory ovens for 7 months. The seed lots represented 12 species comprising 15 released cultivars and 5 accessions showing promise in field evaluation studies. Each month seed was removed for germination testing and the proportion of hard, soft and dead seed in each seed lot was determined. After 7 months, the resulting pattern of hard seed breakdown was modelled to derive threshold temperatures for hard seed breakdown, values for the breakdown rate and quantification of the breakdown process. Desmanthus virgatus and Indigofera schimperi had the slowest rate of breakdown, while Aeschynomene americana had the fastest. The threshold temperature for most species was in the range 40–50˚C. However, there was considerable variation in threshold temperature and breakdown rates between seed lots of the same cultivar or accession and between species, which indicates that caution must be used before extrapolating the results to the field and to different climatic and/or management environments. Nevertheless, these results provide valuable information for the development of demographic models of legume persistence, and show that, while the species are well adapted to the temperature environments of northern Australia, specific management may be necessary to enhance the persistence of some of them.

Studies on the life history of some species of Protocalliphora (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2048-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon F. Bennett ◽  
Terry L. Whitworth
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Threshold Temperatures ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Single Field

The rate of development of the larvae, postfeeding larvae, puparia, and adults of 10 species of Protocalliphora were studied and differences noted in the rates of development and (or) survival. Larvae of Protocalliphora were photonegative and strongly influenced by thigmotactic stimuli. The method of feeding of the larva is described. Metamorphosis was completed more quickly at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures. Survival of purparia at temperatures of 7 °C or lower was poor and indicated that this stage was not adapted to withstand low temperatures and probably did not survive the winter. Adult Protocalliphora females were longer lived than males, surviving for an average of 70–100 days, with some individuals surviving for over 250 days under laboratory conditions. Adults fed readily on a sugar–protein diet, crushed berries, and certain species of flowers, but most species did not feed on any form of carrion. Adults mated readily in captivity, but none of the seven species tested crossbred. Spermatozoa remained motile in the seminal receptacles for over 100 days. Eggs were laid on a few occasions, but the factors determining egg production were not studied. Adult Protocalliphora were strongly photopositive and became quiescent in the dark. Adult flies rarely became active until a threshold temperature of 15.5 °C; different species had differing threshold temperatures. Adults successfully overwintered in a single field trial.

scholarly journals Biological and ecological traits that assist establishment of alien invasive insects

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Peacock ◽  
S.P. Worner
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Phytophagous Insect ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Invasive Insects ◽  
Ecological Attributes ◽  
Lower Developmental Threshold ◽  
Established Species

In this study the biological and ecological traits of two groups of phytophagous insect pests were examined to determine attributes that may influence establishment in New Zealand Biological and ecological attributes of a group of insect species that is established in New Zealand were compared with species that are not currently established It was found that the species established in New Zealand had a significantly wider host plant range than species that have not established The lower developmental threshold temperature was on average 4C lower for established species compared with nonestablished species These data suggest that species that establish well in New Zealand have a wide host range and can tolerate lower temperatures compared with those that have not established

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