Óleos essenciais no tratamento de dermatozoonoses – uma revisão de literatura

O uso indiscriminado de medicamentos tem representado uma das maiores ameaças à Saúde Única, haja vista sua atuação na resistência antimicrobiana e seus impactos ao meio ambiente. Assim, busca-se como alternativa sustentável a esses fármacos, os óleos essenciais, substâncias com diversas atividades terapêuticas, destacando a eficácia no tratamento de dermatopatias de origem zoonótica, a exemplo escabiose canina, esporotricose, dermatofitose e leishmaniose tegumentar americana. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo realizar revisão bibliográfica acerca do emprego de óleos essenciais na medicina veterinária, destacando-se o tratamento das dermatopatias de origem zoonótica. Foi demonstrado o efeito acaricida, fungicida e fungistático dos óleos essenciais de Melaleuca alternifolia, Cedrus deodara, Azadirachta indica, Myrtus communis, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Cinnamomum cassia, Eugenia uniflora e Plectranthus amboinicus. As dermatozoonoses apresentam crescente resistência a antifúngicos e antibióticos comerciais, o emprego de terapias alternativas utilizando óleos essenciais se faz relevante de forma a amenizar essa resistência, e proporcionar melhoria na sanidade dos animais. Diante disso, dentre os estudos avaliados é demonstrado que os óleos essenciais de Melaleuca alternifolia, Cedrus deodara, Azadirachta indica, Myrtus communis, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Cinnamomum cassia, Eugenia uniflora e Plectranthus amboinicus apresentam resultado in vitro satisfatórios na terapêutica de dermatozoonoses de importância clínica, contudo, se faz necessário a realização de estudos in vivo para verificar a eficácia destes compostos, realizando-se um monitoramento de sua ação mediante as barreiras fisiológicas e metabolismo dos animais.

Exploration of Phytochemistry and Ethnobotanical Uses of Cedrus deodara: A Review

Cedrus deodara is one of the most useful tree species. Almost every part of the plant has good properties. Cedrus deodara has been an important tree due to its Ethnobotanical uses, Traditional uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. From last decade, there has been a great progress in the medicinal perspectives of Deodara. Deodara has its utility in folklore medicines. Phytochemistry studies showed the presence of various useful compounds in the Deodara tree. Also, the oil of Cedrus deodara has a characteristic fragrance. C. deodara is also having traditional and ethnobotanical uses. Since Vedic period, various parts of this plant are being used for medicinal purposes.It is also believed that various respiratory diseases can be just cured by just sitting under this tree. In present, Deodara is seen as an important tree in point of view of research. It has its applications in Timber too [1]. This paper is focussed on the traditional and medicinal aspects of Cedrus deodara.

Influence of Aspect and Elevational Gradient on Vegetation Pattern, Tree Characteristics and Ecosystem Carbon Density in Northwestern Himalayas

Himalayan forest has been threatened by rapid anthropogenic activities, resulting in the loss of forest diversity and climate change. The present study was carried out on four aspects (northern, southern, western and eastern), at three different altitudinal ranges, namely, 1000–1300 m above sea level (m a.s.l.), 1300–1600 m a.s.l. and 1600–1900 m a.s.l., and at three diverse mountain ranges (Kalaghat, Barog and Nangali) of sub-temperate forest ecosystems of the mid Himalayan ranges, to elucidate their influence on vegetation, tree characteristics and ecosystem carbon density. The results revealed that Pinus roxburghii is the most dominant forest community of the mid Himalaya’s forest, irrespective of altitudinal gradient and slope. The south-facing slopes are occupied by the xerophytic tree species frequently found in the lower Shiwalik P. roxburghii forest, whereas the north-facing ones are dominated by mesophyllic species, such as Cedrus deodara and Quercus leucotrichophora, which commonly grows in the northwestern Himalayan temperate forest ecosystem. The maximum stem density (211.00 Nha−1) was found at 1000–1300 m a.s.l., and on the northern aspect (211.00 Nha−1). The maximum stem volume (236.50 m3 ha−1) was observed on the northern aspect at 1000–1300 m a.s.l., whereas the minimum (32.167 m3 ha−1) in the southern aspect at 1300–1600 m a.s.l. The maximum carbon density (149.90 Mg ha−1) was found on the northern aspect and declined with increasing elevation from 123.20 to 74.78 Mg ha−1. Overall, the study establishes that the southern and western aspects are very low in carbon density, whereas the northern aspect represents higher biodiversity as well as carbon and nutrient stocks. Therefore, aspect and altitude should be given due importance for efficient managing of biodiversity and mitigating climate change.

Kirschsteiniothelia shimlaensis sp. nov. from Himachal Pradesh, India

A new species, Kirschsteiniothelia shimlaensis collected on stumps of Cedrus deodara, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by mostly monotretic (rarely polytretic), terminal or intercalary, discrete or integrated conidiogenous cells with solitary conidia that are obovoid, oblong, broadly clavate or cylindrical and dark brown, smooth, and 2–5-septate.

New record of Geopora sumneriana from Pakistan

A new record of Geopora sumneriana is presented from Pakistan. Specimens were collected under Cedrus deodara trees in Chitral district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province during 2018. The newly reported specimens are illustrated and described using morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS).

A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Lekhana Basti and Modified Vachadi Gana Basti in Combination with Navaka Guggulu in Sthaulya (Obesity) -A Study Protocol

Background: Sthoulya described as Obesity occurs due to the vitiation of Kapha & Vata. The signs and symptoms of Sthoulya can be correlated with Obesity. This has been said in Ayurveda and Sthaulya purusha (Obese person) is considered one of the nindita Purusha. Lekhaniya gana contains the drugs like Triphala, Shatpushpa, Madhu (Honey), Ushaka, Kasis, Tuttha, Shilajit, Saindhava (Salt), Yavakshar, Gomutra (Cow Urine) which are having specially lekhaniya (Scraping) properties, Kapha and Meda (fat) hara property, in sthaulya increased kapha and meda (fat) is seen, the medicine having these lekhaniya property helps to scrap the excess fat from the body so this medicine is helpful to reduce fat. While Modified Vachadi Gana (Group of herbs) contains Devdaru (Cedrus Deodara), Shunthi (Zingiber Officinale), Vacha (Acorus Calamus), Haritaki (Terminalia Chebula), Ativisha (Aconitum Heterophyllum), Nagarmotha (Cyperus Rotundus), Ushaka, Kasis (Ferrous Sulfate), Tuttha (Blue Vitriol), Shilajit (Asphaltum), Saindhava (salt), Yavakshar (Hordeum Vulgare), Modified Vachadi gana having vata and kapha hara property & Lekhaniya (Scraping) property both. So it is used in vata kaphaja vikara like sthaulya so to treat it vata kapha reducing medicine is to use. Modified Vachadi Gana having those above properties apart from that also having lekhaniya property. Hence, it also helps to scrap the excess fat from the body, so this medicine is helpful to reduce fat. Aim: To study the effect of Lekhana Basti & Modified Vachadi Gana Basti along with Navak Guguulu in sthoulya (Obesity). Objectives: To study the impact of Lekhana Basti on body mass index, body circumference measurements, skinfold thickness, lipid profile, To study the impact of Vachadi gana yoga basti (Modified) on body mass index, body circumference measurements, skinfold thickness & lipid profile, To compare the efficacy of Lekhana Basti and Modified Vachadi Gana basti on body mass Index, body circumference measurements, skinfold thickness & lipid profile. Materials and Methods: A total of 35 patients will be selected in each group from the outpatient department of Panchakarma MGACH & RC. Basti will be done in Yog basti pattern. In Group A, Lekhana Basti & In Group B, Modified Vachadi Basti will be used. After Basti Krama 16 Days, Parihara Kala is to be given. Conclusion: Based on the result conclusion will be drawn.

Morpho-anatomical characterization of Rhizopogon himalayensis - Cedrus deodara mycorrhiza

Rhizopogon himalayensis (Castellano, S.L. Miller, Singh & Lakhanpal) A.B. Mujic & M.E. Sm., comb. nov. -an edible truffle-like fungus- normally exists in a symbiotic association with Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud. Because of this important association and the ecological significance as per the available literature attached to this fungus, the present study was undertaken with a specific objective to test the mycorrhizal viability of this mycobiont with this important tree species of Himalaya -the theme tree of Himachal Pradesh. An attempt to investigate and record morphological and anatomical characteristics and variations in this mycorrhizal association was also made in nursery conditions using pure culture (wheat grain spawn) of R. himalayensis. The seedlings grown and inoculated in the nursery were harvested after six months for further examination, including the microscopic details. The study and subsequent analysis revealed that that mycobiont had invaded most of the feeder roots, imparting a typical swollen appearance to the mycorrhizal root tips. These root tips were light ochre with moderately thick plectenchymatic fungal mantle with occasional clamp connections on the inner layer of the fungal mantle. The root surface, as seen, was found smooth and frequently covered with a loose aggregation of inter-woven hyphae that uniformly pervaded the epidermis extending into the inter-cortical spaces of outer cortical cells and formed a characteristic Hartig net. Thus, results obtained in fact for the first time, presented an in-depth analysis of the morphological and anatomical characteristics of R. himalayensis and C. deodara association.