APOE Genotype Disclosure and Lifestyle Advice in a Randomized Intervention Study with Finnish Participants

ABSTRACT Background The APOE ε4 allele is associated with higher risks of cardiovascular diseases and Alzheimer disease than ε3 and ε2. Objectives We studied the effectiveness of dietary and lifestyle guidance and personal genetic risk information [ε4 carrier (ε4+); ε4 noncarrier (ε4−)] as motivators for a healthier lifestyle. Methods A total of 188 healthy Finnish volunteers (82.4% women; mean ± SD age: 51.0 ± 5.6 y; BMI: 26.0 ± 3.6 kg/m2; total cholesterol: 5.2 ± 0.9 mmol/L) participated in our randomized intervention study. The participants were genotyped for APOE and divided into intervention (INT; INTε4+, n = 33; INTε4−, n = 57) and control groups (CTRL; CTRLε4+, n = 36; CTRLε4−, n = 62). Blood samples, measured observations, and questionnaire data were obtained at baseline and at 1 and 1.5 y. INT participants received their ε4 carrier status at baseline. Monthly Internet-based guidance based on the Finnish Dietary guidelines was provided for all. Results The proportion of SFAs in plasma over time fluctuated less in INTε4+ than in the other groups (P-interaction < 0.05; primary outcome). The lifestyle guidance increased vegetable consumption from 3.5 to 3.6 portions/d, improved the dietary fat quality score by 5.3%, increased the plasma n–3 (ω-3) FA proportion by 7.3%, and decreased the consumption of high-fat/high-sugar foods from 7.3 to 6.5 portions/wk and total- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations by 4.3% and 6.1%, respectively, in the entire participant population (P < 0.05; secondary outcome). Compared with the ε4− participants, ε4+ participants had 2.4% higher plasma n–6 (ω-6) FA, lower C-peptide (3.9 compared with 4.2 nmol/L × h) and sensitive C-reactive protein values, and decreased plasma malondialdehyde concentrations over time (P < 0.05; secondary outcome). Conclusions Lifestyle guidance given to healthy Finnish participants yielded small but beneficial changes. The INTε4+ group did not seem markedly more responsive to the guidance than the other groups. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03794141.

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Long-term adherence to topical psoriasis treatment can be abysmal: a 1-year randomized intervention study using objective electronic adherence monitoring

British Journal of Dermatology ◽

10.1111/bjd.15085 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 176 (3) ◽

pp. 759-764 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

H. Alinia ◽

S. Moradi Tuchayi ◽

J.A. Smith ◽

I.M. Richardson ◽

N. Bahrami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intervention Study ◽

Psoriasis Treatment ◽

Randomized Intervention ◽

Randomized Intervention Study ◽

Adherence Monitoring

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Knowledge translation tool to improve pregnant women’s awareness of gestational weight gain goals and risks of gaining outside recommendations: a non-randomized intervention study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-015-0534-z ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sarah D McDonald ◽

Christina K Park ◽

Eleanor Pullenayegum ◽

Keyna Bracken ◽

Wendy Sword ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Knowledge Translation ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Intervention Study ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Randomized Intervention ◽

Randomized Intervention Study

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A Randomized Intervention Study of the Effects of Discontinuing Coffee Intake on Growth and Morbidity of Iron-Deficient Guatemalan Toddlers

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/127.2.306 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 127 (2) ◽

pp. 306-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kathryn G. Dewey ◽

Maria Eugenia Romero-Abal ◽

Julieta Quande Serrano ◽

Jesus Bulux ◽

Janet M. Peerson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intervention Study ◽

Coffee Intake ◽

Iron Deficient ◽

Randomized Intervention ◽

Randomized Intervention Study

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Does preschool children’s self-regulation moderate the impacts of instructional activities? Evidence from a randomized intervention study

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology ◽

10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105321 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 216 ◽

pp. 105321

Author(s):

Christopher J. Lonigan ◽

Eric D. Hand ◽

Jamie A. Spiegel ◽

Brittany M. Morris ◽

Colleen M. Jungersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intervention Study ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Instructional Activities ◽

Randomized Intervention ◽

Randomized Intervention Study

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Promoting Vegetable Intake in Preschool Children: Does Enhancing the Taste of Vegetables Influence the Portion Size Effect?

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 974-974

Author(s):

Hanim Diktas ◽

Kathleen Keller ◽

Liane Roe ◽

Christine Sanchez ◽

Barbara Rolls

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Portion Size ◽

The Other ◽

Childcare Centers ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Funding Sources

Abstract Objectives To meet dietary guidelines, effective strategies are needed to encourage children to eat a greater proportion of their diet from vegetables. We tested whether serving a larger portion, enhancing the taste with small amounts of butter and salt, or combining these strategies would increase vegetable intake at a meal for preschool children. Methods Using a crossover design in childcare centers, we served lunch once a week for four weeks to 67 children aged 3–5 y (61% girls; 16% with overweight or obesity). The meal consisted of two familiar vegetables (broccoli and corn) along with fish sticks, rice, ketchup, applesauce, and milk. Across the four meals, we varied the portion of vegetables (60 or 120 g total weight) and served them either plain or enhanced (0.5% salt and 6.6% light butter by weight). The other items in the meal were not varied. All meals were consumed ad libitum and weighed to determine intake. At the end of the study, children rated their liking for the foods and parents completed questionnaires about their child's eating behavior. Results Doubling the portions of vegetables led to greater consumption of both broccoli and corn (P < 0.0001) and increased total vegetable intake by 68% (mean ± SEM 21 ± 3 g). Enhancing vegetables with butter and salt, however, did not influence their intake (P = 0.13) nor modify the effect of larger portions on their intake (P = 0.10). Serving more vegetables did not affect intake of the other meal components (P = 0.57), thus meal energy intake increased by 13 ± 5 kcal (5%; P = 0.02). Ratings indicated that children had similar liking for the plain and enhanced versions of both broccoli (P = 0.31) and corn (P = 0.97). Although 73% of children rated one or both plain vegetables as yummy or just okay, they ranked their preference for the other foods in the meal higher than for the vegetables (P < 0.0001). Children differed in their response to larger portions of vegetables: those with higher scores for food fussiness and parental pressure to eat had smaller increases in vegetable intake when portions were doubled (both P < 0.03). Conclusions Serving larger portions of vegetables at a meal was an effective strategy to promote vegetable intake in children. When familiar, well-liked vegetables were served, adding butter and salt was not necessary to increase vegetable consumption. Funding Sources National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

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