Part VII The End of Refugeehood—Cessation and Durable Solutions, Ch.60 Resettlement

Author(s):  
Kneebone Susan ◽  
Macklin Audrey

This chapter describes and critiques refugee resettlement, ostensibly a ‘durable solution’ to displacement. Contemporary resettlement is practised mainly by high-income liberal democracies of the Global North, the same States that reluctantly receive asylum seekers coming mainly from the Global South. This tension between asylum and resettlement explains many of the features of contemporary resettlement practices, whereby asylum is governed through law and resettlement is usually framed as a matter of discretion. To reveal and explore this tension between asylum and resettlement, and examine resettlement’s shifting and problematic role in refugee protection, the chanoteppter surveys its historical development. It then looks at three key aspects of contemporary practice, namely its relationship with sovereignty, its decision-making processes, and how States treat resettled refugees.

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 387-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Scott FitzGerald ◽  
Rawan Arar

Theorization in the sociology of migration and the field of refugee studies has been retarded by a path-dependent division that we argue should be broken down by greater mutual engagement. Excavating the construction of the refugee category reveals how unwarranted assumptions shape contemporary disputes about the scale of refugee crises, appropriate policy responses, and suitable research tools. Empirical studies of how violence interacts with economic and other factors shaping mobility offer lessons for both fields. Adapting existing theories that may not appear immediately applicable, such as household economy approaches, helps explain refugees’ decision-making processes. At a macro level, world systems theory sheds light on the interactive policies around refugees across states of origin, mass hosting, asylum, transit, and resettlement. Finally, focusing on the integration of refugees in the Global South reveals a pattern that poses major challenges to theories of assimilation and citizenship developed in settler states of the Global North.


2019 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
M. S. Briukhovetska

The study evaluated the decision-making processes and determined that the factors that influence the administrative decision-making processes can be divided into рersonal and material aspects. The main purpose of the article was to identify ways to improve the decision-making process by identifying the factors that influence it. It is found that the concept of "underfunding" is relative. Management decisions are not attributed to the category of expenditures. They are unrelated to the purchase of technology and new equipment. The main factor, however, is the organizational culture and the management system. After all, knowledge in the field of management and administration, appropriate training and development of innovations in the field of management is important for most managers. It is emphasized that an important element of decision making is to ensure that it is properly substantiated. It should properly inform those who are interested in its adoption. The decision should outline the key aspects under consideration and the underlying considerations. It should contain a detailed statement of all the essential issues. The basic prerequisites for making an effective management decision are identified: they must make a clear strategy, resource allocation and risk identification; the ideas put forward by decision makers should be taken into account; the decision-making procedure must be fast in order not to lose its relevance; the decision should not contradict the decisions of other management structures, as there must be consistency between them for the implementation of the functions entrusted to the institution. It is proved that several steps are needed to make a decision: first, to identify the problem to be solved and the goals to be achieved, secondly, to identify the alternatives that lead to the proposed goals, and to evaluate whether the alternatives meet the expected the result, thirdly, to take all necessary measures to implement the solution. It is concluded that an effective managerial decision must be pragmatic, since it is an important step in its implementation. If the solution does not translate into work and a concrete result, it is not the decision, it is the intention.


Author(s):  
William Amone

Economists, political scientists, and military analysts widely apply game theory techniques to analyze strategic decision making of players. The model is often adopted to analyze oligopolistic firms' actions, legal, and political negotiations, dating and mating strategies by couples, and competitive bidding in auctions. As a facet of neuroeconomics, game theory can highly complement the comprehension of human decision making processes. Although the model has been somewhat difficult for many readers, this chapter presents game theory with a high level of precision for easy understanding. The discourse presented in this chapter covers the different types of games, the approaches applied to predict games' outcomes, and general analysis of strategic choices. In its final section, the chapter underscores key aspects of auction and competitive bidding.


Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Roche ◽  
Arkady Zgonnikov ◽  
Laura M. Morett

Purpose The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the social and cognitive underpinnings of miscommunication during an interactive listening task. Method An eye and computer mouse–tracking visual-world paradigm was used to investigate how a listener's cognitive effort (local and global) and decision-making processes were affected by a speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication. Results Experiments 1 and 2 found that an environmental cue that made a miscommunication more or less salient impacted listener language processing effort (eye-tracking). Experiment 2 also indicated that listeners may develop different processing heuristics dependent upon the speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication, exerting a significant impact on cognition and decision making. We also found that perspective-taking effort and decision-making complexity metrics (computer mouse tracking) predict language processing effort, indicating that instances of miscommunication produced cognitive consequences of indecision, thinking, and cognitive pull. Conclusion Together, these results indicate that listeners behave both reciprocally and adaptively when miscommunications occur, but the way they respond is largely dependent upon the type of ambiguity and how often it is produced by the speaker.


2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erinn Finke ◽  
Kathryn Drager ◽  
Elizabeth C. Serpentine

Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to understand the decision-making processes used by parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) related to communication-based interventions. Method Qualitative interview methodology was used. Data were gathered through interviews. Each parent had a child with ASD who was at least four-years-old; lived with their child with ASD; had a child with ASD without functional speech for communication; and used at least two different communication interventions. Results Parents considered several sources of information for learning about interventions and provided various reasons to initiate and discontinue a communication intervention. Parents also discussed challenges introduced once opinions of the school individualized education program (IEP) team had to be considered. Conclusions Parents of children with ASD primarily use individual decision-making processes to select interventions. This discrepancy speaks to the need for parents and professionals to share a common “language” about interventions and the decision-making process.


2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Christ ◽  
Alvah C. Bittner ◽  
Jared T. Freeman ◽  
Rick Archer ◽  
Gary Klein ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. S. Miller ◽  
Diana L. Cassady ◽  
Gina Lim ◽  
Doanna T. Thach ◽  
Tanja N. Gibson

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