The Sociology of Refugee Migration

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 387-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Scott FitzGerald ◽  
Rawan Arar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Household Economy ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Mutual Engagement ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Global North ◽  
Path Dependent

Theorization in the sociology of migration and the field of refugee studies has been retarded by a path-dependent division that we argue should be broken down by greater mutual engagement. Excavating the construction of the refugee category reveals how unwarranted assumptions shape contemporary disputes about the scale of refugee crises, appropriate policy responses, and suitable research tools. Empirical studies of how violence interacts with economic and other factors shaping mobility offer lessons for both fields. Adapting existing theories that may not appear immediately applicable, such as household economy approaches, helps explain refugees’ decision-making processes. At a macro level, world systems theory sheds light on the interactive policies around refugees across states of origin, mass hosting, asylum, transit, and resettlement. Finally, focusing on the integration of refugees in the Global South reveals a pattern that poses major challenges to theories of assimilation and citizenship developed in settler states of the Global North.

scholarly journals David versus Goliath: Tanzania’s Efforts to Stand Up to Foreign Gas Corporations

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Andrzej Polus ◽  
Wojciech Tycholiz
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labour ◽  
World Systems ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
Asymmetry Of Information ◽  
The Core ◽  
Mineral Wealth ◽  
The Status ◽  
Global North ◽  
Foreign Corporations ◽  
Resource Sector

This article presents and analyses how Tanzania, a country on the global “periphery” with a natural resource sector dominated by capital from the Global North, has thus far failed to transform its mineral wealth into sustained economic development. Using Immanuel Wallerstein’s “world systems theory” as the theoretical framework, we exemplify how the “core” exploited gold reserves in the 1990s and into the new century – and what techniques and mechanisms (e.g. asymmetry of information, imposition of inadequate management structures) it now currently uses to develop the nascent gas sector to its advantage. Scrutinising actions undertaken by the Tanzanian president to concentrate power, root out corruption, and to stand up to profit-maximising foreign corporations – or what we call the “Magufuli effect” – as way of illustration, we also demonstrate how Tanzania is trying to change its role within the international division of labour and how the core attempts to maintain the status quo meanwhile.

Policy analysis in civil society organisations

2018 ◽  
pp. 199-212
Author(s):  
Güneş Ertan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Civil Society Organisations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Decision Making Processes

This chapter is mainly concerned with providing a concise synopsis of the state of civil society in Turkey and an overview of the decision-making processes at civil society organizations (CSOs) by combining data from various empirical studies. The chapter begins with a discussion of the roots of weak civil society in Turkey followed by an illustration of the current state of civil society as a space. The chapter will then examine policy analysis practices in CSOs with a focus on prevalent decision making structures and the role of external funds in addition to agenda setting and evaluation processes. The chapter concludes by arguing that CSOs in Turkey are still yet to become effective implementers of policy analysis tools.

scholarly journals The Italian energy transition in a multilevel system: between reinforcing dynamics and institutional constraints

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rosaria Di Nucci ◽  
Andrea Prontera
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Path Dependent ◽  
Modes Of Governance ◽  
Current Energy

AbstractThe article analyses drivers as well as coordination mechanisms and instruments for the energy transition in Italy from a multilevel governance perspective. It addresses the structural constraints that influenced the decision-making processes and organisation of the Italian energy sector and the socio-technical challenges opened up by enhancing renewables. The current energy system is making the move from a centralised, path-dependent institutional and organisational structure to a more fragmented and pluralistic one. Renewables and decentralised patterns of production and consumption are key elements of this paradigmatic shift, which is paralleled by a multiplication of decision-making arenas and actors. These actors follow different interests, problem understandings and green growth narratives, increasing the complexity of governing the energy transition. Against this background, community-based renewable energy policy is assuming a very important role and Italy is putting efforts to establish an enabling framework in line with the requirements of the European Union. The goal of this strategy is to foster a positive link between acceptance of the energy transition and decentralised local activities. In the conclusion we address problems and barriers to new modes of governance, and discuss possible approaches to improved cooperation.

scholarly journals Axiology, personal values and ethical rationalities: a proposal for theoretical frameworks integration

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (55) ◽  
pp. 115-133
Author(s):  
Matheus Lemos de Andrade ◽  
Ramon Silva Leite ◽  
Simone Teresinha Chaves de Andrada Ibrahin ◽  
Karina Carneiro Costa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Relationship

Ethics and personal values are two important theories that underlie management studies that analyze behaviors and decision-making processes. However, the relationship between these two themes is incipient and calls for in-depth investigation, mainly empirical studies. The present study aims at verifying the existence of relationships between personal values (Schwartz, 1992; Schwartz et al., 2012) and the ethical deontological and teleological rationalities. A survey into this issue was conducted with a sample of 453 Brazilian respondents. Consistent with the postulated hypotheses, the results showed that all individualistic-oriented values are positively related to teleological rationalities, just as all collectivist-oriented values are affirmatively related to deontological rationalities, except for the Tradition value. Empirical confirmation of the relationship between ethics and personal values answer the author`s claims on the topic and allows the extension of analyzes of social phenomena supported by such theories.

scholarly journals Biases in Managerial Decision Making: Overconfidence, Status Quo, Anchoring, Hindsight, Availability

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 08-23
Author(s):  
Selim Aren ◽  
Hatice Nayman Hamamci
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Finance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Mind

Decision-making processes occur with the interaction of some cognitive and psychological variables. Neoclassical theories deal with rational reactions in these processes. However, in an environment where there is no information or where there is uncertainty instead of risk, decisions cannot be made rationally as the mind indicates. In this direction, firm managers have to make many decisions under uncertainty. For this reason, managers resort to various simple and useful shortcuts called bias for different reasons. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the effects of behavioral biases on management decisions. In this context, five biases in the behavioral finance literature, namely overconfidence, status quo, anchoring, hindsight and availability, were evaluated with theoretical and empirical studies and their effects on managerial decisions were discussed. It was seen that raising awareness of these biases in terms of managers provides benefits such as realistic evaluation of themselves, giving more realistic weights to events when making decisions, reaching rational judgments more easily and being open to innovations. In addition, this awareness, when combined with the emotional competencies of managers, helps them make successful decisions.

DEFINING LISTED FAMILY CONTROLLED CORPORATIONS — AN AGENCY THEORY PERSPECTIVE

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 377-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES LAU
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Agency Theory ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Definition Of

Recent research shows that a significant proportion of listed corporations in a number of major financial markets across the world are classified as family firms. That classification is based on a number of different definitions of a family firm, using criteria such as an ownership threshold and/or the presence of a family member on the board of directors and/or in the top managerial positions. The lack of a universal definition of listed family controlled corporations may undermine the comparability or even the validity of any empirical results reported. This paper aims to resolve the diversity of definitions in use by developing an operational definition of listed family controlled corporations that is consistent with agency theory — the most commonly adopted theoretical framework in existing empirical studies. Based on agency theory, I argue that the key difference between family and non-family firms lies in the control of the decision making processes of the corporation. I further argue that a family needs to dominate the management control structure in order to control decision making processes.

The association of specific neuropsychological deficits with capacity to consent to research or treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARTON W. PALMER ◽  
GAURI N. SAVLA
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Decisional Capacity ◽  
Capacity To Consent ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Informed consent is key to ethical clinical research and treatment, but partially rests on the ability of individual patients or research participants to use disclosed information to make a meaningful choice. Although the construct of decisional capacity emerged from legal and philosophical traditions, several investigators have begun examining the relationship of specific neuropsychological abilities to decisional capacity. This line of research may foster development of better consent procedures, as well as aid in refining the construct of decisional capacity toward a form that better reflects the underlying neurocognitive processes. We conducted a systematic search of the published literature and thereby identified and reviewed 16 published reports of empirical studies that examined the relationship between specific neuropsychological abilities and capacity to consent to research or treatment. Significant relationships between neuropsychological scores and decisional capacity were present across all the reviewed studies. The degree to which specific neuropsychological abilities have particular relevance to decisional capacity remains uncertain, but the existing studies provide a solid basis for a priori hypotheses for future investigations. These ongoing efforts represent an important conceptual and empirical bridge between bioethical, legal, and neuropsychological approaches to understanding meaningful decision-making processes. (JINS, 2007, 13, 1047–1059.)

scholarly journals Network Centrality and Homophily in Stakeholder Relationship Management: The Effects on a Social Enterprise’s Decision-Making Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Ornella Papaluca ◽  
Mario Tani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The Social ◽  
Survival Capacity ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Managing relationships with all the stakeholders is a central issue in Social Enterprises' management; these enterprises, operating across the faded boundary between for profit and not for profit sectors, overcome having limit scarce resources dotation trough relationships with other organizations in order to reach success in the society. In our paper, we have studied the capability of this class of enterprises to create and sustain relationships on the basis of the concepts and principles of Stakeholder Theory, that according enterprises' survival capacity is linked to their manage ability those actors that affects or are affected by enterprise actions in their decision-making. Our empirical studies have focused on the social network, defined trough a snowballing process (degree = 3), insisting on a Social Cooperative in Naples with two world shops and one wholesale warehouse. Each node in the Social Cooperative's egonetwork has been tested for two classical measures of Social Network Analysis (Wasserman & Faust, 1994; Scott, 1991): centrality and proximity. These tests have been later used to compare actors and to analyze if more central or more homophilous actors, those who share similar interests, are better able to influence the social cooperative. Our paper highlights that homophily can better explain stakeholders' effects on the outcomes of strategic decision-making processes.

scholarly journals "Is That Your Final Decision? Multi-Stage Profiling, Selective Effects, and Article 22 of the GDPR"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Binns ◽  
Michael Veale
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Status ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Selective Effects ◽  
Multiple Stages

•Provisions in many data protection laws require a legal basis, or at the very least safeguards, for significant, solely automated decisions; Article 22 of the GDPR is the most notable. •Little attention has been paid to Article 22 in light of decision-making processes with multiple stages, potentially both manual and automated, and which together might impact upon decision subjects in different ways. •Using stylised examples grounded in real-world systems, we raise five distinct complications relating to interpreting Article 22 in the context of such multi-stage profiling systems. •These are: the potential for selective automation on subsets of data subjects despite generally adequate human input; the ambiguity around where to locate the decision itself; whether ‘significance’ should be interpreted in terms of any potential effects or only selectively in terms of realised effects; the potential for upstream automation processes to foreclose downstream outcomes despite human input; and that a focus on the final step may distract from the status and importance of upstream processes. •We argue that the nature of these challenges will make it difficult for courts or regulators to distil a set of clear, fair and consistent interpretations for many realistic contexts.

Part VII The End of Refugeehood—Cessation and Durable Solutions, Ch.60 Resettlement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kneebone Susan ◽  
Macklin Audrey
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Refugee Resettlement ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Refugee Protection ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Global North ◽  
Durable Solutions ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Contemporary Practice

This chapter describes and critiques refugee resettlement, ostensibly a ‘durable solution’ to displacement. Contemporary resettlement is practised mainly by high-income liberal democracies of the Global North, the same States that reluctantly receive asylum seekers coming mainly from the Global South. This tension between asylum and resettlement explains many of the features of contemporary resettlement practices, whereby asylum is governed through law and resettlement is usually framed as a matter of discretion. To reveal and explore this tension between asylum and resettlement, and examine resettlement’s shifting and problematic role in refugee protection, the chanoteppter surveys its historical development. It then looks at three key aspects of contemporary practice, namely its relationship with sovereignty, its decision-making processes, and how States treat resettled refugees.

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