Interpretation

2020 ◽  
pp. 146-158
Author(s):  
Antoinette Kavanaugh ◽  
Thomas Grisso
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Essential Questions ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Theory Research

This chapter offers guidance on using the data collected to make inferences and form opinions about the essential questions in Miller evaluations. The first section offers guidance on general matters of interpretation: forming opinions based on data and theory/research foundations, the logic employed, the use of corroboration to shape inferences, and the formation of alternative hypotheses. Then commentary is offered separately for forming interpretations related to each of the Miller factors: decisional immaturity, dependency immaturity, analyzing the offense context, and making interpretations about prospects for rehabilitation. A final section focuses specifically on interpretations related to the legal concept of irreparable corruption.

The Accountability for International Crimes Perpetrated by Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-723
Author(s):  
Ugo Cedrangolo
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
National Level ◽  
Child Soldiers ◽  
International Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
Minimum Age

The issue of accountability for international crimes committed by children is one of the most complex legal and moral conundrums in international criminal justice. While children are excluded from the jurisdiction of international criminal courts, they can be sometimes the authors of heinous crimes, including international crimes. In the first section, the author examines whether prosecution at national level may be a solution in these cases. He then discusses if a minimum age of criminal responsibility should be agreed at international level and, if so, what this age should be. The issue of whether child soldiers possess the necessary mens rea for the commission of international crimes is also discussed. In the final section, the author suggests that more emphasis should be put on the accountability of those who use children to commit these crimes, notably through the legal concept of indirect participation, included in the icc Statute.

How Sexual Objectification Generates Dehumanization in Western and Eastern Cultures

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Wollast ◽  
Elisa Puvia ◽  
Philippe Bernard ◽  
Passagorn Tevichapong ◽  
Olivier Klein
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Objectification Theory ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Sexual Objectification ◽  
Intense Pain ◽  
Eastern Cultures ◽  
Theory Research ◽  
Self Objectification ◽  
Asian Sample

Abstract. Ever since Fredrickson and Roberts (1997) proposed objectification theory, research on self-objectification and – by extension – other-objectification has experienced a considerable expansion. However, most of the studies on sexual objectification have been conducted solely in Western populations. This study investigates whether the effect of target sexualization on social perception differs as a function of culture (Western vs. Eastern). Specifically, we asked a Western sample (Belgian, N = 62) and a Southeast Asian sample (Thai, N = 98) to rate sexualized versus nonsexualized targets. We found that sexual objectification results in dehumanization in both Western (Belgium) and Eastern (Thailand) cultures. Specifically, participants from both countries attributed less competence and less agency to sexualized than to nonsexualized targets, and they reported that they would administer more intense pain to sexualized than to nonsexualized targets. Thus, building on past research, this study suggests that the effect of target sexualization on dehumanization is a more general rather than a culture-specific phenomenon.

The Relationship of Interrogative Suggestibility to Memory and Attention

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Howard ◽  
A. Chaiwutikornwanich
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Irrelevant Distractors ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Visual Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Interrogative Suggestibility ◽  
Task Irrelevant

This study combined an individual differences approach to interrogative suggestibility (IS) with ERP recordings to examine two alternative hypotheses regarding the source of individual differences in IS: (1) differences in attention to task-relevant vis-à-vis task-irrelevant stimuli, and (2) differences in one or more memory processes, indexed by ERP old/new effects. Sixty-five female participants underwent an ERP recording during the 50 min interval between immediate and delayed recall of a short story. ERPs elicited by pictures that either related to the story (“old”), or did not relate to the story (“new”), were recorded using a three-stimulus visual oddball paradigm. ERP old/new effects were examined at selected scalp regions of interest at three post-stimulus intervals: early (250-350 ms), middle (350-700 ms), and late (700-1100 ms). In addition, attention-related ERP components (N1, P2, N2, and P3) evoked by story-relevant pictures, story-irrelevant pictures, and irrelevant distractors were measured from midline electrodes. Late (700-1100 ms) frontal ERP old/new differences reflected individual differences in IS, while early (250-350 ms) and middle latency (350-700 ms) ERP old/new differences distinguished good from poor performers in memory and oddball tasks, respectively. Differences in IS were not reflected in ERP indices of attention. Results supported an account of IS as reflecting individual differences in postretrieval memory processes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document