Evoked and Event-Related Responses

2017 ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
Riitta Hari ◽  
Aina Puce
Keyword(s):  
Motor Planning ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Cortical Responses ◽  
Steady State Responses ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
General Aspects

This chapter discusses general aspects of evoked and event-related responses in MEG and EEG recordings. The earliest evoked responses occur within milliseconds from stimulus onset (for example in the auditory brainstem) and cortical responses continue for many hundreds of milliseconds poststimulus. Sustained potentials and fields can be recorded during long-duration stimuli, or during tasks involving motor planning, attention, and other cognitive operations. Interstimulus interval and physical stimulus characteristics can dramatically affect amplitudes and latencies of evoked responses. A distinction is made between transient and steady-state responses. Various nomenclatures adopted in literature for different types of evoked responses are discussed and recommendations are given for more consistency in nomenclature.

Comparison of Auditory Steady-State Response and Auditory Brainstem Response Thresholds in Children

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy R. Vander Werff ◽  
Carolyn J. Brown ◽  
Barbara A. Gienapp ◽  
Kelly M. Schmidt Clay
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Response ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Steady State Responses ◽  
Children With Hearing Loss ◽  
Auditory Steady State Responses ◽  
The University

Recently, auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) have been proposed as an alternative to the auditory brainstem response (ABR) for threshold estimation. The goal of this study was to investigate the degree to which ASSR thresholds correlate with ABR thresholds for a group of sedated children with a range of hearing losses. Thirty-two children from the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics ranging in age from 2 months to 3 years and presenting with a range of ABR thresholds participated. Strong correlations were found between the 2000-Hz ASSR thresholds and click ABR thresholds (r = .96), the average of the 2000- and 4000-Hz ASSR thresholds and click ABR thresholds (r = .97), and the 500-Hz ASSR and 500-Hz toneburst ABR thresholds (r = .86). Additionally, it was possible to measure ASSR thresholds for several children with hearing loss that was great enough to result in no ABR at the limits of the equipment. The results of this study indicate that the ASSR may provide a reasonable alternative to the ABR for estimating audiometric thresholds in very young children.

scholarly journals Development of Auditory Evoked Responses in Normally Developing Preschool Children and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 430-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Stephen ◽  
Dina E. Hill ◽  
Amanda Peters ◽  
Lucinda Flynn ◽  
Tongsheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Tone Burst ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Cortical Responses ◽  
The Mean

The cortical responses to auditory stimuli undergo rapid and dramatic changes during the first 3 years of life in normally developing (ND) children, with decreases in latency and changes in amplitude in the primary peaks. However, most previous studies have focused on children >3 years of age. The analysis of data from the early stages of development is challenging because the temporal pattern of the evoked responses changes with age (e.g., additional peaks emerge with increasing age) and peak latency decreases with age. This study used the topography of the auditory evoked magnetic field (AEF) to identify the auditory components in ND children between 6 and 68 months (n = 48). The latencies of the peaks in the AEF produced by a tone burst (ISI 2 ± 0.2 s) during sleep decreased with age, consistent with previous reports in awake children. The peak latencies of the AEFs in ND children and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were compared. Previous studies indicate that the latencies of the initial components of the auditory evoked potential (AEP) and the AEF are delayed in children with ASD when compared to age-matched ND children >4 years of age. We speculated whether the AEF latencies decrease with age in children diagnosed with ASD as in ND children, but with uniformly longer latencies before the age of about 4 years. Contrary to this hypothesis, the peak latencies did not decrease with age in the ASD group (24-62 months, n = 16) during sleep (unlike in the age-matched controls), although the mean latencies were longer in the ASD group as in previous studies. These results are consistent with previous studies indicating delays in auditory latencies, and they indicate a different maturational pattern in ASD children and ND children. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm whether the AEF latencies diverge with age, starting at around 3 years, in these 2 groups of children.

Transient and sustained processing of musical consonance in auditory cortex and the effect of musicality

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 1320-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Andermann ◽  
Roy D. Patterson ◽  
André Rupp
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Source Modeling ◽  
Sustained Activity ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Musical Sounds ◽  
N1 Wave

In recent years, electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography (MEG) have both been used to investigate the response in human auditory cortex to musical sounds that are perceived as consonant or dissonant. These studies have typically focused on the transient components of the physiological activity at sound onset, specifically, the N1 wave of the auditory evoked potential and the auditory evoked field, respectively. Unfortunately, the morphology of the N1 wave is confounded by the prominent neural response to energy onset at stimulus onset. It is also the case that the perception of pitch is not limited to sound onset; the perception lasts as long as the note producing it. This suggests that consonance studies should also consider the sustained activity that appears after the transient components die away. The current MEG study shows how energy-balanced sounds can focus the response waves on the consonance-dissonance distinction rather than energy changes and how source modeling techniques can be used to measure the sustained field associated with extended consonant and dissonant sounds. The study shows that musical dyads evoke distinct transient and sustained neuromagnetic responses in auditory cortex. The form of the response depends on both whether the dyads are consonant or dissonant and whether the listeners are musical or nonmusical. The results also show that auditory cortex requires more time for the early transient processing of dissonant dyads than it does for consonant dyads and that the continuous representation of temporal regularity in auditory cortex might be modulated by processes beyond auditory cortex. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report a magnetoencephalography (MEG) study on transient and sustained cortical consonance processing. Stimuli were long-duration, energy-balanced, musical dyads that were either consonant or dissonant. Spatiotemporal source analysis revealed specific transient and sustained neuromagnetic activity in response to the dyads; in particular, the morphology of the responses was shaped by the dyad’s consonance and the listener’s musicality. Our results also suggest that the sustained representation of stimulus regularity might be modulated by processes beyond auditory cortex.

Impaired Auditory Brainstem-evoked Responses in Insulin-dependent Diabetic Subjects

Diabetes ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1085-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fedele ◽  
A. Martini ◽  
C. Cardone ◽  
F. Comacchio ◽  
F. Bellavere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Evoked Responses

scholarly journals Electrophysiological Investigation of the Auditory System in Friedreich’s Ataxia

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Taylor ◽  
J.B. McMenamin ◽  
E. Andermann ◽  
G.V. Watters
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Friedreich’S Ataxia ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Friedreich's Ataxia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Electrophysiological Investigation ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Normal Controls

ABSTRACT:Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and cortical auditory evoked responses (AERs) were studied in a series of 16 Friedreich’s ataxia patients who varied in age, degree of clinical involvement and duration of the disorder. The ABRs were markedly abnormal in all but the youngest patient, and the abnormalities reflected the severity and duration of the disease. The latencies of the AERs were significantly longer in the Friedreich’s ataxia patients compared to normal controls, suggesting cortical as well as peripheral involvement of the auditory system. These data are discussed in terms of the neuropathology of the disorder and the similarities with the other sensory systems in Friedreich’s ataxia patients.

Auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABER) in children with autistic behaviour

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Garreau ◽  
S. Roux ◽  
P. Tanguay ◽  
N. Bruneau ◽  
G. Lelord
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Autistic Behaviour ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Evoked Responses
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