Women with Disabilities

2019 ◽  
pp. 259-278
Author(s):  
Leslie Francis ◽  
Anita Silvers ◽  
Brittany Badesch
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Women With Disabilities ◽  
Ability To Pay ◽  
Physician Competence ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Reproductive Services

Women with disabilities face challenges related to their disabilities of access and accommodation for infertility care. This chapter explores the societal and structural barriers to infertility care these women experience, including legal issues, training and attitudes of physicians, ability to pay, lack of adaptive equipment, inexperience of providers in treating these patient populations, and lack of access to health insurance coverage for infertility care. Ethical arguments respond to providers’ concerns about offering reproductive care to women with disabilities, including concerns about physician competence, physician choice, risks to the woman, inability to consent, risks to any offspring, conscientious objection, and ability to pay. It concludes that there is at best limited and partial justification for many of these concerns, especially in the context of background injustice. The chapter ends with an account of reasonable modifications and accommodations to allow women with disabilities to enjoy reproductive services on equal terms with other women.

Sex, Lies, and Health Insurance: Employer-Provided Health Insurance Coverage of Abortion and Infertility Services and the ADA

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-84
Author(s):  
D'Andra Millsap
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infertility Treatment ◽  
Insurance Contracts ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Infertility Treatments ◽  
Infertile Couples

Employer-provided health insurance is the backbone of the American healthcare system. Approximately four of five workers in the United States rely on health insurance provided in the workplace. Many commentators view access to health insurance as the doorway to the entire health care system. Thus, the benefits covered in employer-provided health insurance plans significantly impact millions of Americans.While private health insurance usually covers abortion, it traditionally has not covered infertility services. Eventually, courts began interpreting insurance contracts to include infertility treatments, leading insurers to specifically exclude infertility treatments from coverage. In response, a few states have passed mandated benefit laws requiring coverage of some or all infertility services. Nonetheless, current insurance coverage of infertility services is “erratic” at best. These exclusions are significant because abortion and infertility services can be quite expensive for the millions of infertile couples seeking some sort of infertility treatment and the millions of women who have abortions each year.

Serious Illness and Private Health Coverage: A Unique Problem Calling for Unique Solutions

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 180-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor D. Kinney ◽  
Deborah A. Freund ◽  
Mary Elizabeth Camp ◽  
Karen A. Jordan ◽  
Marion Christopher Mayfield
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Unique Problem ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Catastrophic Disease ◽  
Seriously Ill

Having a serious illness like breast cancer is a calamity for individuals and families. Along with the pain, discomfort, and dislocation comes the issue of how to pay the medical expenses for the care and treatment of the disease. If the seriously ill person has inadequate or no insurance, these problems are aggravated.Stories abound about seriously ill people losing private health insurance following diagnosis with a catastrophic disease, remaining in jobs just to maintain health insurance, or facing financial hardship because of gaps in coverage. Yet surprisingly little research has focused on the problems that people with serious illness face with health coverage and, in particular, how concerns about access to health insurance coverage shape their lives.Further, despite profoundly moving anecdotes of cancer victims and other seriously ill people about their problems with health insurance and despite recent federal and state efforts to reform the private health insurance market in ways discussed below, neither the federal government, states, nor the private sector has crafted comprehensive strategies to enhance health coverage for the seriously ill.

scholarly journals The relationship between a microfinance-based healthcare delivery platform, health insurance coverage, health screenings, and disease management in rural Western Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Rosenberg ◽  
James Akiruga Amisi ◽  
Daria Szkwarko ◽  
Dan N. Tran ◽  
Becky Genberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Health Screenings

Abstract Introduction Structural barriers often prevent rural Kenyans from receiving healthcare and diagnostic testing. The Bridging Income Generation through grouP Integrated Care (BIGPIC) Family intervention facilitates microfinance groups, provides health screenings and treatment, and delivers education about health insurance coverage to address some of these barriers. This study evaluated the association between participation in BIGPIC microfinance groups and health screening/disease management outcomes.Methods From November 2018 to March 2019, we interviewed a sample of 300 members of two rural communities in Western Kenya, 100 of whom were BIGPIC microfinance members. We queried participants about their experiences with health screening and disease management for HIV, diabetes, hypertension, tuberculosis, and cervical cancer. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate the association between microfinance membership and each health outcome, adjusting for key covariates. We also examined the individual and joint effects of microfinance and health insurance coverage on each health outcome.Results Microfinance members were more likely to be screened for the health conditions we queried, including those provided by BIGPIC [e.g. diabetes: aPR (95% CI): 3.46 (2.60, 4.60)] and those not provided [e.g. cervical cancer: aPR (95% CI): 2.43 (1.21, 4.86)]. Only 11% had active health insurance, yet we found some trends of better disease management among microfinance group members and those with health insurance.Conclusions In rural Kenya, a microfinance program integrated with healthcare delivery may be effective at increasing health screening. Interventions designed to thoughtfully and sustainably address structural barriers to healthcare will be critical to improving the health of those living in low-resource settings.

scholarly journals The relationship between a microfinance-based healthcare delivery platform, health insurance coverage, health screenings, and disease management in rural Western Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Rosenberg ◽  
James Akiruga Amisi ◽  
Daria Szkwarko ◽  
Dan N. Tran ◽  
Becky Genberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Health Screenings

Abstract Background: Structural barriers often prevent rural Kenyans from receiving healthcare and diagnostic testing. The Bridging Income Generation through grouP Integrated Care (BIGPIC) Family intervention facilitates microfinance groups, provides health screenings and treatment, and delivers education about health insurance coverage to address some of these barriers. This study evaluated the association between participation in BIGPIC microfinance groups and health screening/disease management outcomes.Methods: From November 2018 to March 2019, we interviewed a sample of 300 members of two rural communities in Western Kenya, 100 of whom were BIGPIC microfinance members. We queried participants about their experiences with health screening and disease management for HIV, diabetes, hypertension, tuberculosis, and cervical cancer. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate the association between microfinance membership and each health outcome, adjusting for key covariates.Results: Microfinance members were more likely to be screened for most of the health conditions we queried, including those provided by BIGPIC [e.g. diabetes: aPR (95% CI): 3.46 (2.60, 4.60)] and those not provided [e.g. cervical cancer: aPR (95% CI): 2.43 (1.21, 4.86)]. Microfinance membership had weaker and non-statistically significant associations with health insurance uptake and disease management outcomes. Conclusions: In rural Kenya, a microfinance program integrated with healthcare delivery may be effective at increasing health screening. Interventions designed to thoughtfully and sustainably address structural barriers to healthcare will be critical to improving the health of those living in low-resource settings.

scholarly journals Disability Insurance and Health Insurance Reform: Evidence from Massachusetts

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Maestas ◽  
Kathleen J. Mullen ◽  
Alexander Strand
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Disability Insurance ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Insurance Reform ◽  
Health Insurance Reform ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Social Security Disability ◽  
The Cost

As health insurance becomes available outside of the employment relationship as a result of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), the cost of applying for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)—potentially going without health insurance coverage during a waiting period totaling 29 months from disability onset —will decline for many people with employer-sponsored health insurance. At the same time, the value of SSDI and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) participation will decline for individuals who otherwise lacked access to health insurance. We study the 2006 Massachusetts health insurance reform to estimate the potential effects of the ACA on SSDI and SSI applications.

scholarly journals Access to health insurance coverage among sub-Saharan African migrants living in France: Results of the ANRS-PARCOURS study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e0192916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Vignier ◽  
Annabel Desgrées du Loû ◽  
Julie Pannetier ◽  
Andrainolo Ravalihasy ◽  
Anne Gosselin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
African Migrants ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Sub Saharan

The Effect of Access to Post-Retirement Health Insurance on the Decision to Retire Early

ILR Review ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn A. Karoly ◽  
Jeannette A. Rogowski
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Retirement Decision ◽  
Probit Models ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Retirement Behavior ◽  
Using Data

The authors analyze the effect of the availability of post-retirement health insurance on early retirement behavior of men using data from the 1984, 1986, and 1988 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). They extend previous static models of retirement to account for access to health insurance as a factor in the retirement decision. The estimates from probit models of retirement during the SIPP panel period show that the offer of continued employer-provided health insurance coverage after retirement increased the likelihood of retirement before age 65. Also, the authors find evidence that the presence before retirement of retirement insurance coverage through a source in addition to the employer increased the likelihood of early retirement.

scholarly journals The relationship between a microfinance-based healthcare delivery platform, health insurance coverage, health screenings, and disease management in rural Western Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Rosenberg ◽  
James Akiruga Amisi ◽  
Daria Szkwarko ◽  
Dan N. Tran ◽  
Becky Genberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Health Screenings

Abstract Background Structural barriers often prevent rural Kenyans from receiving healthcare and diagnostic testing. The Bridging Income Generation through grouP Integrated Care (BIGPIC) Family intervention facilitates microfinance groups, provides health screenings and treatment, and delivers education about health insurance coverage to address some of these barriers. This study evaluated the association between participation in BIGPIC microfinance groups and health screening/disease management outcomes. Methods From November 2018 to March 2019, we interviewed a sample of 300 members of two rural communities in Western Kenya, 100 of whom were BIGPIC microfinance members. We queried participants about their experiences with health screening and disease management for HIV, diabetes, hypertension, tuberculosis, and cervical cancer. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate the association between microfinance membership and each health outcome, adjusting for key covariates. Results Microfinance members were more likely to be screened for most of the health conditions we queried, including those provided by BIGPIC [e.g. diabetes: aPR (95% CI): 3.46 (2.60, 4.60)] and those not provided [e.g. cervical cancer: aPR (95% CI): 2.43 (1.21, 4.86)]. Microfinance membership was not significantly associated with health insurance uptake and disease management outcomes. Conclusions In rural Kenya, a microfinance program integrated with healthcare delivery may be effective at increasing health screening. Interventions designed to thoughtfully and sustainably address structural barriers to healthcare will be critical to improving the health of those living in low-resource settings.

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