A Clinician's Guide to Learning Disabilities

Author(s):  
Carleen Franz ◽  
Lee Ascherman ◽  
Julia Shaftel

A Clinician’s Guide to Learning Disabilities provides succinct descriptions of the various types of learning disabilities that affect educational achievement, illustrated with numerous case studies. Clear descriptions of educational assessment best practices and score reporting simplify the interpretation of psychoeducational reports. An entire chapter on historical context and legal framework describes obligatory supports for students with learning disabilities in all settings. Chapters on preschool assessment and the transition to post–high-school college and career expand the scope of the book beyond the school years. Clinicians who work in nonschool settings view learning disorders through the lens of DSM-5. They may be surprised at IDEA requirements and how the law works to identify and serve students with learning disabilities. Clinicians may not be aware that DSM-5 is not familiar in the school setting and that their diagnoses and recommendations may not have their intended effect. Through detailed examination of relevant special education requirements and procedures, this text addresses and clarifies the confusion that clinicians and families often experience about the lack of diagnostic congruence and differing terminology between DSM-5 and IDEA. No other book describes learning disorders and the psychoeducational evaluation process for mental health clinicians who work with these children and adolescents. A chapter on referral and collaboration will inform clinicians who seek deeper educational knowledge about their clients to better guide students and their families.

Author(s):  
Carleen Franz ◽  
Lee Ascherman ◽  
Julia Shaftel

Definitions of learning disabilities from several sources reveal the heterogeneity of learning disabilities and the many terms used in different settings. Early warning signs of future educational challenges are listed. Case studies illustrate the presentation of learning disabilities of different types. Learning Disorders from DSM-5 are contrasted with Specific Learning Disabilities in the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (IDEA), which governs diagnosis and treatment in the school setting. The IDEA process of diagnosis and qualification is described for clinicians to clarify inconsistencies between clinical and school procedures and outcomes. Discontinuities between clinical and school assumptions, terms, and processes often lead to misunderstanding on the part of parents and clinicians.


Author(s):  
Anne M. Hayes ◽  
Eileen Dombrowski ◽  
Allison H. Shefcyk ◽  
Jennae Bult

Learning disabilities are among the most common disabilities experienced in childhood and adulthood. Although identifying learning disabilities in a school setting is a complex process, it is particularly challenging in low- and middle-income countries that lack the appropriate resources, tools, and supports. This guide provides an introduction to learning disabilities and describes the processes and practices that are necessary for the identification process. It also describes a phased approach that countries can use to assess their current screening and evaluation services, as well as determine the steps needed to develop, strengthen, and build systems that support students with learning disabilities. This guide also provides intervention recommendations that teachers and school administrators can implement at each phase of system development. Although this guide primarily addresses learning disabilities, the practices, processes, and systems described may be also used to improve the identification of other disabilities commonly encountered in schools.


2019 ◽  
pp. 103-119
Author(s):  
Cynthia Demetriou ◽  
Gabrielle Miller ◽  
Laurel Mason ◽  
Christine Salvesen

Internationally, institutions of higher education have been called upon to engage college students with learning disabilities in campus life, to provide effective learning supports, and to hold high expectations (Tinto, 2012). Model programs providing comprehensive support to college students with learning disabilities are few and far between. As the number of college students needing learningsupport increases across many countries, there is a critical demand to identify programs and approaches that produce optimal outcomes for students. This article provides an overview of the legal structures on which supports for individuals with disabilities are based in the United States in comparison to Italy.For nearly forty years, a U.S. program called Strategic Alternative Learning Techniques (SALT) Center has extended federally mandated supports in to higher education. As Italy grows its tertiary programs and supports for students with learning disabilities, the SALT Center may serve as a helpful model program.


Author(s):  
Sandra Zecchi

Specific Learning Disorders involve a plurality of functions that impact the decoding of the alphabetic code. They have an evolutionary character, that is, vary according to the age of the subject. The present work, connected to positive practical experiences, investigates the characteristics of DSAs in adulthood and the impact with university teaching. It presents the outcomes in progress of an interdisciplinary project (including pedagogical, medical and engineering area). Learning Disabilities (LD) disorder are relatively new for the education at the university level, and have therefore pushed teachers and researcher to define research projects, both scientific and pedagogic, aimed to suit the needs of LD students. In such perspective, due to the high variability of LD manifestations and degrees and also to the peculiar students’ features, a multidisciplinary approach and strategies are required to identify personalized educational paths for LD students while respecting, the specificity and the objectives of the different university courses. 


Author(s):  
Carleen Franz ◽  
Lee Ascherman ◽  
Julia Shaftel

This chapter describes the historical context of the legal basis of protections for students with disabilities by tracing civil rights and educational legislation of the last century. The Individuals With Disabilities Act of 2004 (IDEA) is described in detail, along with procedures and requirements for identifying students with Specific Learning Disabilities in school settings. The requirements for assessing, identifying, and qualifying public school students with learning disabilities are complex and time-consuming, which makes them difficult for families and nonschool personnel to comprehend. The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 and its 2008 Amendments Act are also described. A basic knowledge of relevant legal protections will assist the clinician to better support students and families.


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