Thorax

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Nerve Supply ◽  
Thoracic Inlet

This chapter describes the anatomy of the thorax as it applies to Emergency Medicine, and in particular the Primary FRCEM examination. The chapter outlines the key details of the surface markings, blood supply, nerve supply, and muscles of the thoracic body wall, diaphragm, thoracic inlet, trachea, thymus, heart and pericardium, oesophagus, and pleura and lungs. This chapter is laid out exactly following the RCEM syllabus, to allow easy reference and consolidation of learning.

Abdomen

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Inguinal Region ◽  
Nerve Supply ◽  
Reproductive Systems

This chapter describes the anatomy of the abdomen as it applies to Emergency Medicine, and in particular the Primary FRCEM examination. The chapter outlines the key details of regions, muscles, functions, blood supply, nerve supply, surface markings, and relations of the abdominal wall and cavity, inguinal region, testis, epididymis and spermatic cord, peritoneum, gastrointestinal tract, liver and biliary tract, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, ureters and bladder, pelvis, prostate, reproductive systems, and genital regions. This chapter is laid out exactly following the RCEM syllabus, to allow easy reference and consolidation of learning.

Head and neck

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Vertebral Column

This chapter describes the anatomy of the head and neck as it applies to Emergency Medicine, and in particular the Primary FRCEM examination. The chapter outlines the key details of fascial layers, tissue spaces, muscles, boundaries, relations, blood supply, nerves, and arteries of the neck, thyroid, trachea, oesophagus, face, scalp, nose, mouth, larynx, orbit and eye, ear, temporomandibular joint, and vertebral column. This chapter is laid out exactly following the RCEM syllabus, to allow easy reference and consolidation of learning.

scholarly journals Cervico-pectoral Ectopia Cordis in Two Holstein Calves

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hiraga ◽  
M. Abe ◽  
K. Iwasa ◽  
K. Takehana ◽  
A. Tanigaki
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
Ectopia Cordis ◽  
Thoracic Inlet ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Common Pathogenesis ◽  
Fetal Stage

Two Holstein calves affected with cervico-pectoral ectopia cordis, a male (No. 1) delivered stillborn and a female (No. 2) died 1 hour after birth, were examined macroscopically and radiographically to assess the severity and elucidate the teratogenesis of the anomaly. The heart of one calf was covered by the intact pericardium and skin and displaced to the caudalmost portion of the ventrocervical region, just cranial to an enlarged thoracic inlet. The cranial vena cava and the vena azygos were duplicated. The sternum was bilaterally divided into two parts fused only at the xyphoid process and was semicircular. The heart of the other calf, covered solely by the pericardium, was exposed ventrally from an oval opening in the body wall just cranial to a defective Y-shaped sternum. In both calves, the arterial branching pattern from the aortic arch was intermediate between the patterns of the dog and pig, and in each case a single pulmonary vein emptied into the left atrium. Pronounced or slight torticollis, cleft palate, and abnormalities in the urogenital system were also found. From an embryological perspective, cervical and pectoral ectopia cordis have a common pathogenesis; the cervical type occurs at a slightly earlier fetal stage than the pectoral type.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF RENAL HYPERTENSION ON THE VESSELS OF THE EARS OF RABBITS

1942 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Abell ◽  
Irvine H. Page
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
Nerve Supply ◽  
Arteriovenous Anastomoses ◽  
Intravenous Injections

1. The present experiments demonstrate by direct observation that peripheral arterioles in moat chambers in rabbits' ears constrict during the development of renal hypertension, and that they remain persistently constricted, although not sufficiently to interrupt the blood supply to the tissues. The arteriolar constriction in the hypertensive animals was not dependent upon nerves, since it occurred in newly formed arterioles which had probably never been supplied with nerves, as well as in older arterioles with a functional nerve supply. 2. No capillary constriction was observed during or following the development of hypertension, although the walls of the capillaries could be very clearly seen. Persistent hypertension was associated in two examples with increased sticking of leukocytes to the walls of the capillaries and venules, some emigration of leukocytes, and a few small hemorrhages. 3. During development of hypertension, new arteriovenous anastomoses were observed to appear in the chambers. 4. No evidence of change was noted in the viscosity of the blood or in the appearance of the blood corpuscles in the hypertensive rabbits. 5. The constriction of the arterioles during and following the development of hypertension closely resembled that produced by intravenous injections of angiotonin.

scholarly journals The Blood-system in the Serpulimorpha (Annelida, Polychaeta)

1950 ◽  
Vol s3-91 (16) ◽  
pp. 369-378
Author(s):  
JEAN HANSON
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Blood System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dorsal Vessel ◽  
The Family ◽  
Body Wall Musculature

1. The blood-system in sabellids of the following genera is described: Sabella, Potamilla, Branchiomma, Dasychone, Amphiglena, Fabricia, Jasmineira, Dialychone, and Myxicola. 2. The central blood-system of Sabella is typical of the family, but the peripheral blood-system is variable. 3. The dorsal vessel lacks the valve and muscular sphincter found in some serpulids. 4. Lateral vessels are present only in Sabella and Dasychone. 5. The differences and similarities between sabellid and serpulid blood-systems are discussed. Special attention is given to the functions of sub-epidermal and coelomic capillaries and the blood-supply of the body-wall musculature.

Systemic arterial blood supply to the trachea and lung in sheep

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 2283-2287 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Charan ◽  
G. M. Turk ◽  
J. Czartolomny ◽  
T. Andreazuk
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Bronchial Tree ◽  
Visceral Pleura ◽  
Tracheal Bronchus ◽  
Arterial Blood Supply ◽  
Thoracic Inlet ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Truncus Brachiocephalicus ◽  
Brachiocephalic Trunk

We studied the systemic arterial blood supply to the trachea and lung in adult sheep. After anesthesia, sheep were exsanguinated and then studied by intra-arterial injection of one of the following materials: saline containing dyes of various colors (n = 24), Microfil (n = 8), or Batson's solution (n = 6). The systemic blood supply to the cervical trachea originated from the two common carotid arteries via three to four small branches (rami tracheales cervicales) on each side. A segment of the thoracic trachea between the thoracic inlet and the origin of the tracheal bronchus (bronchus trachealis) and the bronchial tree of the right cranial lobe (lobus cranialis dexter) were supplied by the tracheal bronchial branch (ramus bronchalis trachealis), which originated from the brachiocephalic trunk (truncus brachiocephalicus). A portion of thoracic trachea between the origin of the tracheal bronchus and the tracheal carina was supplied by the thoracic tracheal branch (ramus trachealis thoracica), arising from the bronchoesophageal artery (arteria bronchoesophagea) or directly from the thoracic aorta. The bronchial branch (ramus bronchalis) originated from the bronchoesophageal artery, and its branches supplied the remainder of the bronchial tree. At 120 cmH2O pressure (n = 8), the bronchial branch contributed approximately 50% and the other two approximately 25% each of the total tracheobronchial blood flow. These three branches also supplied the visceral pleura. Additionally, several small vessels (rami pleurales pulmonales) originated from the esophageal branch (ramus esophagea) of the bronchoesophageal artery, traversed the pulmonary ligaments, and supplied the visceral pleura.

Thorax

2011 ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
Dr Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Thoracic Inlet ◽  
Thoracic Part

3.1 Thoracic body wall, 40 3.2 The diaphragm, 45 3.3 Thoracic inlet, 46 3.4 Trachea, 47 3.5 Thymus, 48 3.6 Heart and pericardium, 48 3.7 Oesophagus, 51 3.8 Pleura and lungs, 51 • See Figure A.3.1. • Thoracic part of the vertebral column...

scholarly journals Arterial supply to the esophagus of Black Bengal goat

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
MA Quasem ◽  
MA Awal ◽  
SK Das ◽  
MM Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Arterial Supply ◽  
Thoracic Inlet ◽  
Thoracic Part ◽  
Middle Mediastinum ◽  
Black Bengal Goat ◽  
Key Words Blood ◽  
Esophageal Artery

To study the blood supply to the esophagus of Black Bengal goat a research was conducted in the Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202 with 12 Black Bengal goats of over 6 months of age of both sexes. The esophagus of Black Bengal goat was sampled at six sites- cranial cervical, middle cervical, caudal cervical, at the level of thoracic inlet, at the middle mediastinum and at the level of cardia. The arteries supplying the cervical and thoracic part of the esophagus came from the left common carotid and esophageal artery respectively. The esophageal artery arose from the thoracic aorta independently in Black Bengal goat. Key words: Blood supply, esophagus, Black Bengal goat   doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2342 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (2): 229-230

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