Airway management

2007 ◽  
pp. 259-266
Keyword(s):  
Tracheal Intubation ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Airway Management ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
High Failure Rate ◽  
Advanced Airway

Aims of airway management 260 Upper airway obstruction 260 Airway manoeuvres 261 Ventilation 266 • To relieve upper airway obstruction. • To facilitate positive pressure ventilation. • To protect respiratory tract from aspiration of gastric contents. Upper airway obstruction is a commonly encountered emergency and is often relieved by simple basic airway manoeuvres. Although many patients will go on to require more advanced management (e.g. tracheal intubation), such procedures carry a high failure rate and should not be performed by inexperienced practitioners. However, it is still useful to have a good knowledge about advanced airway manoeuvres as it enables the non-anaesthetist to prepare some of the equipment needed and to assist during the procedure once expert help has arrived....

scholarly journals Acute Upper-Airway Obstruction by a Lingual Thyroglossal Duct Cyst and Implications for Advanced Airway Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. e98-e102 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Zimmerman ◽  
S. R. Hupp ◽  
A. Bourguet-Vincent ◽  
E. A. Bressler ◽  
E. M. Raynor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Management ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Duct Cyst ◽  
Thyroglossal Duct ◽  
Advanced Airway

Airway management in vascular central airway obstruction: a literature review

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Airway Management ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Preoperative Planning ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Surgical Reconstruction ◽  
Central Airway Obstruction ◽  
Central Airway

Vascular central airway obstruction (CAO) is a rare cause of upper airway obstruction in adults. CAO occurs below the level where it is invisible in a laryngoscope. Doctors therefore should pay attention to the possibilities of vascular CAO when attempting to prevent and resolve catastrophic complications from upper airway obstruction such as cardiorespiratory collapse and hemoptysis, which requires a thoughtful preoperative planning of airway management before starting a surgical reconstruction.

Corticosteroids in Airway Management

1983 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald B Hawkins ◽  
Dennis M Crockett ◽  
Tony K Shum
Keyword(s):  
Airway Management ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Acute Airway Obstruction ◽  
Inflamed Tissue

Adrenal corticosteroids exert a strong suppressive influence on the basic inflammatory response that leads to tissue swelling. The corticosteroid effect is nonspecific. In upper airway obstruction caused by edema from infection, allergy, or trauma, corticosteroids will exert some degree of suppressive effect. The steroid effect is local and directly proportional to the concentration of steroids in the inflamed tissue. In upper airway obstruction steroids should be delivered to the inflamed tissue in high concentration with the least delay. Dexamethasone and methylprednisolone produce high blood levels within 15 to 30 minutes of intramuscular injection. Recommended initial doses for acute airway obstruction are dexamethasone, 1.0 to 1.5 mg/kg, or methylprednisolone, 5 to 7 mg/kg. The risk of harm from steroid therapy of 24 hours or less is negligible.

scholarly journals Rhinoscleroma Causing Upper Airway Obstruction

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetika Verma ◽  
D Kanawaty ◽  
R Hyland
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Central America ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Tropical Regions

Rhinoscleroma is a chronic granulomatous condition of the respiratory tract, and is not uncommon in tropical regions; particularly, Mexico, Central America and the Middle East. A few cases have been reported in North America, primarily involving immigrants from endemic countries. The causative organism isKlebsiella rhinoscleromatis, a Gram-negative coccobacillus. Diagnosis is made on the basis of culture of the organism and the characteristic pathology of Mikulicz cells on light microscopy. The condition primarily affects the upper airway, and frequently presents with nasal discharge, nasal obstruction or frontal facial pain. Despite the term 'rhinoscleroma', there may be involvement of the entire respiratory tract. Although the condition is slowly progressive, its natural course portends extensive destruction. Laryngotracheal involvement occurs in approximately 15% to 80% of cases, but patients rarely present with isolated laryngotracheal disease. In the present paper, a case of rhinoscleroma presenting with symptoms of upper airway obstruction is described.

Central sleep apnea and hypoventilation syndromes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mithri R. Junna ◽  
Bernardo J. Selim ◽  
Timothy I. Morgenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Central Sleep Apnea ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Adaptive Servo Ventilation ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Alveolar Hypoventilation

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) may occur in a variety of ways. While obstructive sleep apnea is the most common of these, this chapter reviews the most common types of SDB that occur independently of upper airway obstruction. In many cases, there is concurrent upper airway obstruction and neurological respiratory dysregulation. Thus, along with attempts to correct the underlying etiologies (when present), stabilization of the upper airway is most often combined with flow generators (noninvasive positive pressure ventilation devices) that modulate the inadequate ventilatory pattern. Among these devices, when continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) alone does not allow correction of SDB, adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) is increasingly used for non-hypercapnic types of central sleep apnea (CSA), while bilevel PAP in spontaneous-timed mode (BPAP-ST) is more often reserved for hypercapnic CSA/alveolar hypoventilation syndromes. Coordination of care among neurologists, cardiologists, and sleep specialists will often benefit such patients.

scholarly journals Transtracheal flow-regulated oxygen insufflation—a simple and safe method for prolonging safe apnoea time in difficult airway management: A report of two cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-560
Author(s):  
Sivan Wexler ◽  
Stavros N Prineas ◽  
Timothy A Suharto
Keyword(s):  
Airway Management ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Difficult Airway ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Difficult Airway Management ◽  
Airway Patency ◽  
Safe Method ◽  
Apnoeic Oxygenation

In the absence of upper airway patency, supraglottic methods of oxygen delivery become ineffective. We present two semi-elective difficult airway cases where oxygenation via the supraglottic route was deemed impractical due to upper airway obstruction. In order to facilitate safe airway management, apnoeic oxygenation was delivered via a narrow bore transtracheal cannula using a flow-regulated oxygen insufflator. The potential for safely prolonging apnoea time with this technique in both elective and emergency settings is discussed.

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