Immunocompromised patients, including HIV-positive patients

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Sanjay Bhagani ◽  
Dr Nicholas Easom ◽  
Dr Sanjay Bhagani ◽  
Dr Nicholas Easom ◽  
Dr Nicholas Easom
Keyword(s):  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Secondary Immunodeficiency ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv

Chapter 13 discusses immunocompromised patients, including HIV-positive patients, HIV and other causes of immunodeficiency, infections in the HIV-infected patient, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for prevention of HIV infection, non-HIV causes of immunodeficiency, secondary immunodeficiency in malignancy or post-chemotherapy, immune dysfunction and systemic illness, solid organ transplant, and immunosuppressive therapy.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E Virus Quasispecies and the Outcome of Acute Hepatitis E in Solid-Organ Transplant Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (18) ◽  
pp. 10006-10014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastien Lhomme ◽  
Florence Abravanel ◽  
Martine Dubois ◽  
Karine Sandres-Saune ◽  
Lionel Rostaing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
First Year ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Serum Concentrations

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections are responsible for chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients, and this can evolve to cirrhosis. Like all RNA viruses, HEV exists as a mixture of heterogeneous viruses defining quasispecies. The relationship between the genetic heterogeneity described as a quasispecies, cytokine secretion, and the outcome of acute hepatitis in immunocompromised patients remains to be elucidated. We cloned and sequenced the region encoding the M and P capsid domains of HEV from eight solid-organ transplant (SOT) patients with acute HEV infection who subsequently cleared the virus and from eight SOT patients whose infection became chronic. We analyzed the cytokines and chemokines in the sera of these SOT patients by multianalyte profiling. The nucleotide sequence entropy and genetic distances were greater in patients whose infections became chronic. A lowerKa/Ksratio was associated with the persistence of HEV. The patients who developed chronic infection had lower serum concentrations of interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist and soluble IL-2 receptor. Increased concentrations of the chemokines implicated in leukocyte recruitment to the liver were associated with persistent infection. Those patients with chronic HEV infection and progressing liver fibrosis had less quasispecies diversification during the first year than patients without liver fibrosis progression. Great quasispecies heterogeneity, a weak inflammatory response, and high serum concentrations of the chemokines involved in leukocyte recruitment to the liver in the acute phase were associated with persistent HEV infection. Slow quasispecies diversification during the first year was associated with rapidly developing liver fibrosis.

Mucormycosis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Norkin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipient ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipient ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Immune Systems

These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with an emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each case highlights the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.

Breathless in the Transplant Unit

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Wingard
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipient ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipient ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Immune Systems

These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with an emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each case highlights the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.

A Swollen Eye

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Wingard
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipient ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipient ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Immune Systems

These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with an emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each case highlights the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.

Fuzzy Vision and Balance Problems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Aoyagi ◽  
Richard A. Zuckerman
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipient ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipient ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Balance Problems

These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with an emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain the state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each of these cases highlight the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.

Spots on the Brain

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ann Misch
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipient ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipient ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
The Brain

These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with an emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain the state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each of these cases highlight the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.

Shocking Revenge of the Weak Gram-Positive Cocci

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Beam ◽  
Raymund R. Razonable
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipient ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipient ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with an emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each of these cases highlights the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.

When an Uncommon Atypical Bacillus Goes Mainstream

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackrapong Bruminhent ◽  
Nancy L. Wengenack ◽  
Raymund R. Razonable
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipient ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipient ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Immune Systems

These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with an emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each of these cases highlights the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.

Alimentary Antimicrobial Apocalypse

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Mullane
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipient ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipient ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Immune Systems

These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with an emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each of these cases highlights the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.

Doctor, I’m Sick Again and Again

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Tang ◽  
R. Gregory Bociek
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipient ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipient ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Immune Systems

These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with an emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each of these cases highlights the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.

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