Systemic sclerosis and related disorders

Author(s):  
Alan J. Hakim ◽  
Gavin P.R. Clunie ◽  
Inam Haq

Epidemiology and diagnostic criteria 364 Cutaneous features of scleroderma and their treatment 368 Systemic features of the disease, investigation, and treatment 372 Antifibrotic and immunosuppressive therapies for systemic sclerosis 378 Summary—the approach to systemic sclerosis 380 Scleroderma-like fibrosing disorders 382 • Scleroderma is a spectrum of rare disorders ranging from limited to generalized, non-systemic to systemic, and environmental to autoimmune rheumatic disease. Generalized scleroderma, systemic sclerosis, predominantly affects women and is associated with production of collagen, widespread microvascular damage, and inflammation....

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 333-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario García-Carrasco ◽  
José Luis Gálvez Romero

Author(s):  
José Jesús Blanco-Pérez ◽  
Victoria Arnalich-Montiel ◽  
Ángel Salgado-Barreira ◽  
María Angel Alvarez-Moure ◽  
Adriana Carolina Caldera-Díaz ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
pp. 3664-3678
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Denton ◽  
Carol M. Black

The scleroderma spectrum of disorders includes a number of diseases that have Raynaud’s phenomenon or skin sclerosis in common, comprising (1) limited cutaneous scleroderma; (2) systemic sclerosis (SSc)—the most important form of scleroderma—limited cutaneous SSc, diffuse cutaneous SSc, and overlap syndromes (with features of another autoimmune rheumatic disease, e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus); (3) Raynaud’s phenomenon—autoimmune (with antinuclear or other SSc-associated antibodies) or primary. These conditions affect women four times as often as men, most often beginning in the fifth decade....


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