Clinical examinations

2019 ◽  
pp. 895-968
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Medical Student ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Cranial Nerves

This chapter provides guidance on how to perform clinical examinations in the following specialties: cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nervous system, obstetrics, gynaecology, ophthalmology, orthopaedic, general upper limb, spine, lower limb, and paediatrics. This chapter on clinical examination emphasizes the ability to elicit physical signs and use them to complement laboratory or radiological investigations as a diagnostic tool. It reviews important do’s and don’ts as well as end-of-the-bed observations. It also discusses signs present with diseases, and tips for around the bed space. The use of tables and illustrations is a useful aide-memoire both for revision and for use in practice. Although clinical examination is primarily taught on a patient, the structured and detailed approach of this chapter provides an insightful guide for a medical student.

scholarly journals Filament proteins in central, cranial, and peripheral mammalian nerves.

1981 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
P F Davison ◽  
R N Jones
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
10 Nm Filaments ◽  
Peptide Maps

Several classes of 10-nm filaments have been reported in mammalian cells and they can be distinguished by the size of their protein subunit. We have studied the distribution of these filaments in nerves from calves and other mammals. From the display on polyacrylamide electrophoretic gels of proteins in extracts from fibroblast and central, cranial and peripheral nerves, we cut the appropriate stained bands and prepared iodinated peptide maps. The similarities between the respective maps provide strong evidence for the presence of vimentin in cranial and peripheral nerves. The glial fibrillary acidic protein was found in axon preparations from the central nervous system, but was not identified in distal segments of some cranial nerves, nor in peripheral nerve.

Peripheral Nervous SystemSensory Maps

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Fisch
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Referred Pain ◽  
Sensory Maps

Chapter 5 discusses how to draw sensory maps of the peripheral nervous system, including the hand, foot, dermatomes, cutaneous nerves of the upper limb, lower limb, and trunk, as well as discussing referred pain.

Investigation of central motor pathways: magnetic brain stimulation

2010 ◽  
pp. 4782-4785
Author(s):  
K.R. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Motor Pathways ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Abnormal Motor

The ability to percutaneously stimulate the central nervous system of awake humans without causing pain has opened up new areas for neurophysiological investigation in the early diagnosis of neurological disease, also furthered the understanding of normal and abnormal motor control. Magnetic stimulators are now available that can excite both upper and lower limb areas of the motor cortex, as well as cranial nerves, motor roots, and deeply sited peripheral nerves....

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