Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus, a member of the Retroviridae family (retroviruses). There are 2 genetically distinct types of HIV: HIV-1 and HIV-2 HIV-1 is further classified into subtypes, also known as clades. HIV-1 is the predominant HIV type globally. Donated blood has been screened for HIV-1 since 1985 in the United States. The following factors have been identified with transmission of HIV: sexual contact, perinatal infection, parenteral inoculation (eg, intravenous drug injection, occupational exposure), receipt of blood products, and receipt of donated organs or semen. The most common mode of transmission is sexual intercourse. Traumatic intercourse and ulcerative genital infections increase the risk of HIV transmission. The proper use of condoms greatly reduces the risk of HIV transmission. The diagnosis and treatment of HIV and AIDS are also reviewed.