Personality disorders

2015 ◽  
pp. 277-294
Author(s):  
Martin Brüne
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Life History ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Subjective Distress ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Dependence Versus ◽  
Behavioural Patterns

Personality disorders (PD) concern inflexible and maladaptive cognitive, emotional, and behavioural patterns, which cause significant functional impairment or subjective distress. One group of PD is characterized by ‘eccentricity’, another by ‘dramatic’ behaviour, and a third cluster by predominant anxiety. Personality traits reflect individual patterns of behaviour that serve the purpose to achieve important biosocial goals. These behaviours can be grouped according to their interpersonal meaning: dominance versus submission; competition versus cooperation; dependence versus nurturance; assertion versus avoidance; aggression versus defence; and risk-taking versus harm avoidance. From a life-history perspective, personality traits, as well as personality disorders representing the extremes of variation of normal trait distribution, can be differentiated into ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ life-history strategies. Predictions about future resource availability arise from early childhood experiences with caregivers and the interaction of these experiences with genes involved in the regulation of aggression, attachment, etc.

Personality Conditions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McGuire ◽  
Alfonso Troisi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Life History ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Adaptive Genetic Variation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Evolutionary Context

The chapter begins with discussions of adaptive genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity, life history strategies, short-term strategies, prevailing models of personality disorders, and traits. These topics introduce new points and briefly review key points discussed earlier in order to set the context for the second part of the chapter, where personality disorders are interpreted in an evolutionary context.

scholarly journals A Cascade Model of Sociodevelopmental Events Leading to Men's Perpetration of Violence Against Female Romantic Partners

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 147470492110407
Author(s):  
Farnaz Kaighobadi ◽  
Aurelio J. Figueredo ◽  
Todd K. Shackelford ◽  
David F. Bjorklund
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Cascade Model ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Parental Effort ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Mate Retention

Conceptually driven by life history theory, the current study investigated a hypothesized hierarchy of behaviors leading to men's perpetration of violence in intimate relationships. Using a series of hierarchical regressions, we tested a causal cascade model on data provided by 114 men in a committed romantic relationship. The results supported the hypothesized hierarchy of sociodevelopmental events: (1) men's childhood experiences with their parents’ parental effort predicted men's life history strategies; (2) men's life history strategies predicted men's behavioral self-regulation; (3) men's self-regulation predicted men's perceptions of partner infidelity risk; (4) perceptions of infidelity risk predicted men's frequency of engagement in nonviolent mate retention behaviors; (5) men's mate retention behaviors predicted men's frequency of partner-directed violence. The overall cascade model explained 36% of variance in men's partner-directed violence.

Relationship Among Childhood Trauma, Personality Traits, and Personality Disorders

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Michelson ◽  
Catherine Campbell ◽  
Michael S. McCloskey ◽  
Royce Lee ◽  
Emil F. Coccaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Childhood Trauma

Machiavellianism and personality disorder: their relationship in the mirror of interpersonal attitudes

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (40) ◽  
pp. 1584-1588
Author(s):  
András Láng
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Personality Dysfunction ◽  
Medium Strength

Introduction: Social and personality psychologists have described Machiavellianism as a pragmatic, callous-unemotional, exploitative and manipulative attitude towards others. Several former studies linked Machiavellian personality traits and interpersonal problems or personality dysfunction. Aim: The aim of this study was to reveal the connection between Machiavellianism and interpersonal problems that are characteristic of personality disorders. Method: 252 participants (146 females and 106 males, aged 32.46±5.39 years, mean±SD) filled out self-report measures of Machiavellianism and personality disorder related interpersonal problems. Results: There was a medium strength relationships between Machiavellianism and several interpersonal problems. Aggression and ambivalence proved to be significant predictors of Machiavellian personality traits. Conclusions: Results are discussed in relation to the patient–therapist bond. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(39), 1584–1588.

Stress and Personality Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 182-198
Author(s):  
Christina Noel White ◽  
Christopher C. Conway ◽  
Thomas F. Oltmanns
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Stress Influence

This chapter reviews literature investigating the complex relationships between stress and personality disorders. Various forms of early life adversity, particularly experiences of abuse and neglect, portend the development of personality disorders and maladaptive personality traits later in life. Much of this association appears to be causal (i.e., independent of genetic risk). A comparatively much smaller literature suggests that acute stressful events later in development show complex interrelations with personality disorders. These connections appear to be bidirectional, such that not only does stress influence the development of personality, but personality also influences stress exposure. Additionally, personality traits influence the way in which individuals respond to stressors, both psychologically and physiologically. Our review concludes by underlining enduring methodological problems and conceptual issues that await resolution in future empirical work.

scholarly journals Early Childhood Experiences and Kindergarten Success: A Population-Based Study of a Large Urban Setting

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Fantuzzo ◽  
Heather L. Rouse ◽  
Paul A. McDermott ◽  
Yumiko Sekino ◽  
Stephanie Childs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Childhood Experiences
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