VNTR confirms the heterogeneity ofMadurella mycetomatisand is a promising typing tool for this mycetoma causing agent

Genotyping of important medical or veterinary prokaryotes has become a very important tool during the last decades. Rapid development of fragment-separation and sequencing technologies has made many new genotyping strategies possible. Among these new methods is multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). Here we present an update on the use of MLVA in eight European countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden). Researchers in Europe have been active in developing and implementing a large array of different assays. MLVA has been used as a typing tool in several contexts, from aiding in resolving outbreaks of food-borne bacteria to typing organisms that may pose a bioterrorist threat, as well as in scientific studies.

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Improved Repetitive-Element PCR Fingerprinting ofSalmonella enterica with the Use of Extremely Elevated Annealing Temperatures

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.7.2.258-264.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 258-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

James R. Johnson ◽

Connie Clabots

Keyword(s):

Thermal Cycling ◽

Repetitive Element ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Test Set ◽

Bacterial Typing ◽

Annealing Temperatures ◽

Pcr Fingerprinting ◽

Discriminating Power ◽

Assay Performance ◽

Typing Tool

ABSTRACT Modified thermal cycling conditions were explored in an effort to improve the reproducibility and resolving power of repetitive-element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprinting. Assay performance was rigorously evaluated under standard and modified cycling conditions, using as a test set 12 strains putatively representing 12 serovars ofSalmonella enterica. For all three fingerprint types (ERIC2, BOXA1R, and composite fingerprints), the use of extremely elevated annealing temperatures plus an initial “touchdown” cycling routine yielded significant improvements in day-to-day reproducibility and discriminating power despite the somewhat sparser appearance of the fingerprints. Modified cycling conditions markedly reduced the variability of fingerprints between cyclers, allowing fingerprints from different cyclers to be analyzed together without the degradation of assay performance that occurred with between-cycler analyses under standard cycling conditions. With modified cycling, composite fingerprints exhibited the lowest reproducibility but the highest net discriminating power of the three fingerprint types. rep-PCR fingerprints led to the discovery of a serotyping error involving one of the 12 test strains. These data demonstrate that modified cycling regimens that incorporate elevated annealing temperatures (with or without an initial touchdown routine) may markedly improve the performance of rep-PCR fingerprinting as a bacterial typing tool.

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The sequencing-based typing tool of dbMHC: typing highly polymorphic gene sequences

Nucleic Acids Research ◽

10.1093/nar/gkh424 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 32 (Web Server) ◽

pp. W173-W175 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

W. Helmberg ◽

R. Dunivin ◽

M. Feolo

Keyword(s):

Gene Sequences ◽

Polymorphic Gene ◽

Typing Tool

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Evaluation ofVcAVNTR as a strain-typing and phylogeny study method ofVibrio choleraestrains

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268810000427 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 138 (11) ◽

pp. 1637-1649 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

T. S. BHOWMICK ◽

M. DAS ◽

B. L. SARKAR

Keyword(s):

Molecular Typing ◽

Phage Type ◽

Phage Typing ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Strain Typing ◽

Electrophoretic Patterns ◽

Rapd Pcr ◽

El Tor ◽

Vntr Analysis ◽

Typing Tool

SUMMARYThis study attempted to examine the relatedness between RAPD–PCR, PFGE andVcAVNTR results with those of conventional phage typing ofV. choleraestrains and to evaluateVcAVNTR as an indispensable molecular-typing tool that accomplishes the urgent need for effective epidemiological surveillance. All the O1 El Tor strains were predominantly clustered into phage type T27 with the new phage-typing scheme. Using RAPD–PCR, a total of 69 O1 El Tor strains were grouped under 16 different electrophoretic patterns. A total of 33 pulsotypes were identified in these strains by PFGE.VcAVNTR revealed highVcApolymorphism in allV. choleraestrains incorporated in this study. Our results underline the considerable potential ofVcAVNTR analysis as a tool for molecular typing ofV. cholerae.

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