AN ELECTROPHORETIC STUDY ON SERUM PROTEINS IN ARABIAN RACE HORSES NATURALLY INFECTED WITH Babesia equi

Electrophoretic patterns of serum protein in 12 Arabian race horses acutely infected with Babesia equi revealed a significant decrease in albumin (P<0.01) and beta globulins (P<0.05) where, alpha globulins fractions significantly (P<0.01) increased. No significant (P>0.05) changes were recorded in gamma globulins fractions and total serum protein.

Prevalence of Plasmodium Falciparum among Medical Students with different ABO Groups and Electrophoretic Patterns in a Tertiary Institution in Nnewi, Nigeria

There is evidence that Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria is influenced by ABO blood type but the extent of association is not fully established. Some investigators opinioned that haemoglobin electrophoretic patterns are a factor in susceptibility to Pf infection but there is no consensus on possible association between it and ABO blood group and Hb genotypes. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of Pf among different ABO blood groups and Hb electrophoretic patterns of medical students of a tertiary institution in Nnewi, Nigeria. A total of 80 subjects (41 males and 39 females) aged 18-30 years who reported to the Medical Centre of the institution on account of febrile illness were recruited for the study. Information on age, previous malaria episodes and recent use of prophylaxis were sought. Three milliliters (3ml) of blood were collected into EDTA container for ABO grouping, Hb electrophoresis and blood films for P. falciparum detection and quantification by microscopy. Pf prevalence among the subjects was 47.5% (38/80). Thirty-one (38.75%) of the subjects were of blood group O, 27 (33.75%) group A, 19 (23.75%) blood group B and 3(3.75%) blood group AB. Fifty-two (65%) of the subjects were Hb AA and 28 (35%) AS. No significance difference was seen between malaria episodes and ABO blood groups; Hb electrophoretic patterns; gender and parasite density (p>0.05) respectively. A negative correlation was observed between parasite density and age (r= -0.180, p = 0.109). Pf infection, frequency of infection and parasite load is not influenced by blood group and Hb electrophoretic patterns in our study population.

Identification of winter common wheat samples of Kharkiv breeding by protein markers

Aim. Identification of new winter wheat breeding material developed in Kharkiv by electrophoretic patterns of storage proteins to select the most promising lines. Methods. Protein fractionation was performed by APAG- and SDS-electrophoresis. Results. The genotypes of winter wheat samples of the competitive variety trial at seven storage protein loci Gli-A1, Gli-B1, Gli-D1, Gli-A3, Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1 were studied. We identified eight alleles at the Gli-A1 locus, seven at Gli-B1, five at Gli-D1, four at Gli-A3, five at Glu-B1, three at Glu-A1, and two at Glu-D1. Most of the identified alleles are typical for Ukrainian winter wheat varieties. Along with them, theree were lines with introgressed alleles marking for the wheat-rye translocations 1AL/1RS and 1BL/1RS. The biotype of the line Erythrospermum 484-19 carries an introgressed allele from Ae. tauschii at the Gli-D1 locus. Conclusions. According to field and laboratory trials of samples, there were neither significant advantages nor disadvantages of lines with wheat-rye translocations compared to lines without translocations (typical for the East Forest-Steppe zone). The promising line of the use of the 1AL/RS or 1BL/RS translocations (carrying disease resistance genes) is their coupling with the allele Glu-B1al associated with high grain quality. Keywords: winter wheat, storage proteins, alleles, translocations.

New Bird Sexing Strategy Developed in the Order Psittaciformes Involves Multiple Markers to Avoid Sex Misidentification: Debunked Myth of the Universal DNA Marker

Sexing of birds is indispensable for scientific, breeding and conservation programs but is difficult in many species and is particularly problematic in the case of nestlings showing no sexual dimorphism. Most useful and efficient methods of sex determination are based on unique features of the Z and W sex chromosomes detected via PCR to distinguish males (ZZ) and females (ZW). During the last twenty-five years researchers searched for the universal marker capable of sexing a maximally wide spectrum of species in a single PCR assay. We screened the phylogenetically representative set of 135 Psittaciformes species including 59 species sexed for the first time. Two known (P2P8, CHD1iA) PCR markers and four additional W/Z polymorphisms (CHD1iE, CHD1i16, CHD1i9 and NIPBLi16) located within the Chromo Helicase DNA binding CHD1 or the Nipped-B homolog NIPBL genes were applied. We present the electrophoretic patterns obtained for the PCR products of the analyzed markers including most typical and atypical patterns allowing sex determination, as well as those obtained when the given marker failed in sexing. Technical aspects of molecular sex determination are discussed: the optimization of amplification conditions, direct PCR and potential misinterpretations. A truly universal marker has not been found, and therefore, we propose a sexing strategy based on multiple CHD1i16, NIPBLi16, CHD1i9 and CHD1iE markers. This new strategy confirms the sex of a given bird with at least two markers detecting independent Z/W polymorphisms, reduces the number of necessary PCR reactions and minimizes the risk of sex misidentification.

Reference intervals for electrophoretograms obtained by capillary electrophoresis of dialyzed urine from healthy dogs

Electrophoresis of urine to evaluate protein fractions in dogs with proteinuria to differentiate glomerular from tubular damage has increased in recent years; however, capillary electrophoresis (CE) of urine has not been reported in a study of > 40 healthy animals, to our knowledge. We aimed to establish reference intervals (RIs) for the urine protein fractions obtained by CE of urine from healthy dogs. We obtained urine samples from 123 clinically healthy dogs of both sexes between December 2016 and April 2019; urine was frozen until CE was performed. The electrophoretic patterns obtained were divided into 5 protein fractions, and RIs were established in percentages and absolute values using nonparametric methods. RIs were obtained for the fractions (F) as follows: 5.5 to 56.2% for F1, 3.2 to 16.5% for F2, 3.5 to 16.2% for F3, 17.8 to 69.8% for F4, and 5.1 to 23.9% for F5. These RIs obtained by CE might be useful clinically as a basis for comparison with pathologic samples. Age was a statistically significant factor for F2 ( p = 0.01) and F3 ( p = 0.02), and sex was a statistically significant factor for F1 ( p = 0.03).

Electrophoretic patterns of gliadin as markers of genotypes in the analysis of the durum wheat landrace Kubanka

Background. The collection of durum wheat landraces (Triticum durum Desf.) at VIR contains unique material of the “Russian northern branch”, which is not found in any other collections worldwide. Studying the genetic diversity of such wheat accessions according to their gliadin bands as markers of genotypes is important for identification and conservation of their gene pool authenticity.Materials and methods. For the first time, molecular markers were used to differentiate among 38 accessions of the local durum wheat variety known under the name of “Kubanka”, collected and placed into the VIR collection in the 1910–1940s, and five accessions from the seed genebanks of the USA and Canada. Electrophoretic patterns of gliadin were used as markers of genotypes within the polymorphic cultivar. Recording bands in the form of “protein formulas” allows the researcher to evaluate the polymorphism of each accession and the diversity within the collection. Gliadin analysis was performed on single grains according to the standard method adopted at VIR and approved by ISTA.Results and conclusions. Fourteen major biotypes marked with gliadin bands were identified. Depending on the component composition of the α-zone encoded by alleles of the GLI-2A locus, biotypes were combined into 4 groups. Within the groups, biotypes are determined by alleles of the GLI-1A, GLI-1B, GLI2B loci. Genetically close monotypic accessions and polytypic ones incorporating 2 to 6 biotypes were identified. Group I is typical for the European part of Russia as well as for Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Accessions of this group can be attributed to the Volga steppe ecotype. Group II biotypes are widespread in Altai Territory, Orenburg and Astrakhan Provinces of Russia; Group III in Stavropol Territory, Russia, and Kyrgyzstan; Group IV only in Altai Territory. The greatest genetic diversity was exhibited by the ‘Kubanka’ accessions from Altai and Krasnodar Territories, and Kyrgyzstan.

Molecular cytogenetical and biochemical studies on some Lupinus species

Background Lupins are cultivated as human consumption grains and forage legumes. The chromosomes of lupins are too small to be karyotyped by conventional techniques, because they reveal a general lack of distinctive cytological features. In the current study, Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) was used to locate 5S and 45S ribosomal gene sites on the chromosomes of Lupinus albus ssp albus, Lupinus albus ssp graecus, Lupnus termis (all with 2n = 50), and Lupinus polyphyllus lindl var. polyphyllus (2n = 48), FISH together with seed storage protein electrophoretic patterns were used to find out the relationship among these species. Results The double-target FISH on the chromosomes of the studied species with rDNA probes revealed that the two types of rRNA genes are located on different chromosomes. The detected loci of rRNA genes partially reflected the taxonomical similarity among the two Lupinus albus subspecies and L. termis. Lupinus polyphyllus lindl var. polyphyllus was exception by having unique large chromosome mostly is covered by one signal of 45S rDNA, whereas its homologous chromosome seems to be normal-sized and have the other 45S rDNA locus. The similarity matrix among the Lupinus species as computed according to Jaccardʼs Coefficient from the SDS-PAGE, showed that L. albus ssp. Albus and L. albus ssp. Graecus are the most similar species (~ 97%), and then comes L. termis, and L. polyphyllus lindl var. polyphylus has been placed in separate clade and still the most related species to it among the studied species is L. termis (~ 70%). Conclusion It could be postulated from FISH and seed storage protein electrophoretic patterns that the relationships among the studied species is as follows, Lupinus albus ssp albus, is the most related species to Lupinus albus ssp graecus then comes Lupnus termis and Lupinus polyphyllus lindl var. polyphyllus at a distal position.

Frequencies of Abnormal Haemoglobin Electrophoretic Patterns in Hemolytic Anemia cases in District Swat.

Background: Thalassemia is a genetic disorder due to deletion or mutation in the gene for alpha or beta chain of hemoglobin. Thalassemia, sickle cell disease, HbD, HbE, HbC and other such disorders are genetic defects associated with hemolytic anemia's and other complications. The prevalence of these are significantly growing in Pakistan especially in the northern areas of Pakistan. Its prompt detection is of paramount importance, both for the prevention of thalassemia major and clinically severe other hemoglobinopathies as well as for the epidemiological purposes.Objective: To assess the frequencies of abnormal hemoglobin variants in the suspected cases of hemolytic anemia's, in the population of district swat. Material and Methods: A total of 1832 suspected cases of hemolytic anemias admitted in SGTH/SMC were assessed after taking clinical and familial history. Whole blood samples were collected in EDTA tube; complete blood counts with peripheral smears were prepared. All samples were processed with fully automatic micro capillary hemoglobin electrophoretic movability (SEBEA micro capillary electrophoresis).Results: A normal Hb pattern was observed in 1224 (66.81%) cases and abnormalities were detected in 608 (33.18%) cases. â (beta) thalassemia trait was the commonest abnormality found in 477 (26.03 %) patients followed by â thalassemia major 53 (2.89 %), â thalassemia intermedia 24 (1.31 %), raised HbF for age review after one year 17 (0.92 %), Sickle cell trait 9 (0.49 %), Sickle cell disease 8 (0.43 %), sickle/beta-thalassemia 6 (0.32 %) HbD Trait 5 (0.27 %), HbE (0.21%) and HbC (0.10%) were common hemoglobinopathies.Conclusion: Amongst hemoglobinopathies, â- (beta) thalassemia and sick cell trait/disease is the most common of the hemoglobinopathies in the study area.

Identification of duplicate accessions in the sweet maize collection by means of zein electrophoresis

Of all the subspecies of Zea mays L. cultivated in the world, sweet maize is the most important for the global economy. The leading seed-growing companies and research institutions around the world are engaged in breeding this crop. To meet the increasing demands of the industry to grain quality, it is important to select appropriate local varieties and lines for hybridization. Local (usually heterogeneous) varieties are a valuable source material for creating self-pollinated lines that contribute to a significant broadening of the genetic base of parental forms used in breeding. The advantages of sweet maize varieties and the interest of the food industry in them make it possible to consider accessions from the maize collection of the N.I. Vavilov Institute (VIR) as a potentially valuable source material for breeding. The present research concentrated on 19 local sweet maize varieties with different grain colors from the VIR collection, that is, 9 varieties with the blue color of ripe grain, 4 with white (colorless) grain, 3 with yellow, and 3 with red. The research included an analysis of zein electrophoretic patterns (protein markers); a study of their biotype composition and the nature of genetic polymorphism, as well as the creation of a protein pattern database for each accession. For a series of accessions with the same varietal name, but different catalog numbers, the degree of their identity was determined from their biotype composition in order to exclude duplication. Zein electrophoresis was carried out in vertical plates of 10 % polyacrylamide gel according to the standard ISTA technique developed with the participation of the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department of VIR. Zein patterns were used for the first time to electrophoretically study sweet maize varieties with different grain colors. Unique zein patterns were established for all the accessions studied, which makes possible their identification by specific marker components. The results of this work characterize zein electrophoresis as a useful tool for the identification and registration of duplicate accessions in the VIR collection of sweet maize varieties.