SOAL KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS BERKONTEKS KEARIFAN LOKAL BENGKULU

This study aims to produce products in the form of mathematical problem-solving ability questions based on Bengkulu local wisdom that are valid, clear, and have a good level of difficulty and discriminatory index. The subjects in this study were 30 grade VIII students of SMPN 07 Bengkulu Selatan. This development research was conducted using the Tessmer model which consisted of preliminary, self-evaluation, expert review, one-to-one, and small group stages. The data analysis used was qualitative analysis at the expert review stage to determine the validation of the questions, both in terms of content, construction, and language; one-to-one process analysis to find out the clarity of the questions, and quantitative analysis of the results of the small group to determine the characteristics of good questions based on the level of difficulty and the index of discriminating power of the questions. Based on the results of data analysis, this study produced 7 standardized questions from 10 questions that had gone through the expert review, one-to-one, and small group stages. Standardization can be seen from the level of difficulty and a good item discriminatory index.

Genetic Stability of TGMS Hybrids in Dry Direct Seeded Rice

Rice is a water-loving crop and traditionally sown in the nursery and then transplanted to the puddled and waterlogged main field. Owing to climate change, water scarcity and labour shortage problems, rice is now cultivated in the dry direct seeded method. Owing to potential of hybrid rice in increasing both rice production and productivity, many countries are focusing on exploiting the benefits of this technology. To break the yield plateau in rice cultivation, Thermosensitive Genetic Male Sterile (TGMS) hybrids were found to be very effective. In the present study, 41 TGMS hybrids and 9 checks were evaluated for their stability and adaptability by dry direct seeded method in four locations viz., E1 - Allahabad, E2 - Lucknow, E3 - Dhamtari and E4 - Raipur. The TGMS hybrid G44 was predicted as an ideal hybrid by the GGE stability model that possessed high grain yield and stable performance over environments. It was followed by hybrids viz., G10, G14, G34, G11, G20 and G47 that had a stable performance with high yield. Hence, these TGMS hybrids were identified as high and stable yielders across environments and suitable for dry direct seeded rice ecosystems. Among the environments, E1 (Allahabad) and E4 (Raipur) were considered favourable environments as they possessed the highest discriminating power. The hybrids identified in the study can be utilized for breaking the yield barriers in rice and can be recommended for dry direct seeding in marginal and rainfed areas.

On the effective lifetime of Bs → μμγ

We consider the $$ {B}_s^0 $$ B s 0 → μ+μ−γ effective lifetime, and the related CP-phase sensitive quantity $$ {A}_{{\Delta \Gamma}_s}^{\mu \mu \gamma} $$ A ΔΓ s μμγ , as a way to obtain qualitatively new insights on the current B-decay discrepancies. Through a fit comparing pre- to post-Moriond-2021 data we identify a few theory benchmark scenarios addressing these discrepancies, and featuring large CP violation in addition. We then explore the possibility of telling apart these scenarios with $$ {A}_{{\Delta \Gamma}_s}^{\mu \mu \gamma} $$ A ΔΓ s μμγ , once resonance-modeling and form-factor uncertainties are taken into account. We do so in both regions of low and high invariant di-lepton mass-squared q2. For low q2, we show how to shape the integration range in order to reduce the impact of the ϕ-resonance modelling on the $$ {A}_{{\Delta \Gamma}_s}^{\mu \mu \gamma} $$ A ΔΓ s μμγ prediction. For high q2, we find that the corresponding pollution from broad-charmonium resonances has a surprisingly small effect on $$ {A}_{{\Delta \Gamma}_s}^{\mu \mu \gamma} $$ A ΔΓ s μμγ . This is due to a number of cancellations, that can be traced back to the complete dominance of semi-leptonic operator contributions for high q2 — at variance with low q2 — and to $$ {A}_{{\Delta \Gamma}_s}^{\mu \mu \gamma} $$ A ΔΓ s μμγ behaving like a ratio-of-amplitudes observable. Our study suggests that $$ {A}_{{\Delta \Gamma}_s}^{\mu \mu \gamma} $$ A ΔΓ s μμγ is — especially at high q2 — a potentially valuable probe of short-distance CP-violating effects in the very same Wilson coefficients that are associated to current b → s discrepancies. Its discriminating power, however, relies on progress in form-factor uncertainties. Interestingly, high q2 is the region where $$ {B}_s^0 $$ B s 0 → μ+μ−γ is already being accessed experimentally, and the region where form factors are more accessible through non-perturbative QCD methods.

Morphological and molecular assessment of mushroom (Lentinus Squarrosulus) (mont.) Singer

Lentinus squarrosulus is a popular mushroom in Nigeria used for traditional medicine apart from food. The identification of those high-quality fungal species is not only necessary but has great economic significance as it will allow product distributors to verify the material they are selling. Hence, this study investigated the morphological and molecular relationship among L. squarrosulus samples from different locations in Ibadan. Ten samples of L. squarrosulus were collected from nine different natural habitats in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, from which pure cultures were prepared. Isolation of DNA was done from fruiting bodies of fresh samples evaluated. Ten primers were designed from ITS sequences of the Family Agariceae and used for the study. The ten mushrooms evaluated in the study showed diverse morphological features such as colour of cap and pileus, size of stipe and pileus. A total of 50 amplicons were generated of which 31 bands (62%) were polymorphic. The RAPD variety-specific products were generated in some of the genotypes evaluated which can serve as unique identifiers. The study showed mean values for marker gene diversity of 0.27, Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) of 0.25 and 63.81% polymorphism. Both morphological and molecular analyses revealed two clustered groups. Number and types of samples in each group were not the same in both studies. The presence of unique band pattern among sampled fungi evaluated showed the discriminating power of the primer Ast-F in the study. Keywords: Polymorphism, DNA, RAPD, Fungi, Gene diversity characterization

Deep-Learning-Based Stress Recognition with Spatial-Temporal Facial Information

In recent times, as interest in stress control has increased, many studies on stress recognition have been conducted. Several studies have been based on physiological signals, but the disadvantage of this strategy is that it requires physiological-signal-acquisition devices. Another strategy employs facial-image-based stress-recognition methods, which do not require devices, but predominantly use handcrafted features. However, such features have low discriminating power. We propose a deep-learning-based stress-recognition method using facial images to address these challenges. Given that deep-learning methods require extensive data, we constructed a large-capacity image database for stress recognition. Furthermore, we used temporal attention, which assigns a high weight to frames that are highly related to stress, as well as spatial attention, which assigns a high weight to regions that are highly related to stress. By adding a network that inputs the facial landmark information closely related to stress, we supplemented the network that receives only facial images as the input. Experimental results on our newly constructed database indicated that the proposed method outperforms contemporary deep-learning-based recognition methods.

Analisis Butir Soal Latihan pada Buku al-Naḥw al-Wāḍīḥ untuk Siswa Madrasah Aliyah

Practice questions are the main part of every textbook, especially to evaluate and measure students’ abilities and skills. One of the books that are often used as a textbook by various madrasas and Islamic boarding schools on learning naḥwu for beginners is the al-Naḥw al-Wāḍīḥ. Unfortunately, this book has not determined the quality in the validity of practice for the lesson, because it was written by an Arabic native speaker. So, the target of this book is not for non-native Arabic speakers. This study uses a mixed method of qualitative and quantitative to describe a more complete picture of item analysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of practice questions in the al-Naḥw al-Wāḍīḥ book in terms of validity, reliability, level of difficulty, and discriminating power. The results obtained are, (1) 93% of the exercise sample is under content validity; (2) from the results of the ANOVA test of two exercise samples, this test is quite reliable; (3) the difficulty level of the sample practice questions on naḥwu is fairly easy; (4) the discriminating power of the nahwu sample is sufficient. Thus, the analysis of practice questions in al-Naḥw al-Wāḍīḥ is sufficient to measure students’ abilities.

PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS PADA TOPIK GETARAN DAN GELOMBANG UNTUK SISWA SMP

<p><em>Keterampilan proses sains merupakan keterampilan yang penting untuk dikuasai oleh siswa. Oleh sebab itu, penting untuk mengukur penguasaan keterampilan proses sains siswa. Pada proses pengukurannya, diperlukan instrumen yang valid dan reliabel. </em><em>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah </em><em>menganalisis kelayakan instrumen keterampilan proses sains (KPS) topik getaran dan gelombang IPA SMP yang dilihat dari validitas isi, validitas konstruk, reabilitas, daya pembeda dan tingkat kesukaran. </em><em>Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan atau Research and Development (R&amp;D)</em><em> dengan</em><em> </em><em>model pengembangan 4D (four D model)</em><em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan : 1) validitas isi sebesar 0,92 dengan kriteria valid, 2) validitas konstruk dengan kriteria valid, 3) reliabilitas sebesar 0,902 dengan kriteria reliabel, 4) daya pembeda dengan kriteria baik, 4) taraf keskuaran dengan kriteria sedang.</em><em> Oleh sebab itu, instrument penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk mengukur keterampilan proses sains siswa.</em></p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci</em></strong><em>: </em><em>pengembangan</em><em> </em><em>instrumen</em><em>, </em><em>keterampilan</em><em> </em><em>proses</em><em> </em><em>sains</em><em>, getaran dan gelombang, validitas, reliabilitas</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p align="center"><em>Abstract</em></p><p><em>Science process skills are important skills to be mastered by students. Therefore, it is important to measure students' mastery of science process skills. In the measurement process, valid and reliable instruments are needed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the feasibility of the Science Process Skills (KPS) instrument on the topic of vibration and waves of junior high school science in terms of content validity, construct validity, reliability, discriminating power and level of difficulty. The research method used is the research and development (R&amp;D) method with the 4D development model (four D model). The results showed that: 1) content validity of 0.92 with valid criteria, 2) construct validity with valid criteria, 3) reliability of 0.902 with reliable criteria, 4) distinguishing power with good criteria, 4) score level with moderate criteria.</em> <em>Therefore, this research instrument can be used to measure students' science process skills.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: instrument development, science process skills, vibration and waves, validity, reliability</em></p>

AoP-LSE: Antioxidant Proteins Classification Using Deep Latent Space Encoding of Sequence Features

It is of utmost importance to develop a computational method for accurate prediction of antioxidants, as they play a vital role in the prevention of several diseases caused by oxidative stress. In this correspondence, we present an effective computational methodology based on the notion of deep latent space encoding. A deep neural network classifier fused with an auto-encoder learns class labels in a pruned latent space. This strategy has eliminated the need to separately develop classifier and the feature selection model, allowing the standalone model to effectively harness discriminating feature space and perform improved predictions. A thorough analytical study has been presented alongwith the PCA/tSNE visualization and PCA-GCNR scores to show the discriminating power of the proposed method. The proposed method showed a high MCC value of 0.43 and a balanced accuracy of 76.2%, which is superior to the existing models. The model has been evaluated on an independent dataset during which it outperformed the contemporary methods by correctly identifying the novel proteins with an accuracy of 95%.

Intensive lactation among women with recent gestational diabetes significantly alters the early postpartum circulating lipid profile: the SWIFT study

Background Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a 7-fold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is estimated that 20-50% of women with GDM history will progress to T2D within 10 years after delivery. Intensive lactation could be negatively associated with this risk, but the mechanisms behind a protective effect remain unknown. Methods In this study, we utilized a prospective GDM cohort of 1010 women without T2D at 6-9 weeks postpartum (study baseline) and tested for T2D onset up to 8 years post-baseline (n=980). Targeted metabolic profiling was performed on fasting plasma samples collected at both baseline and follow-up (1-2 years post-baseline) during research exams in a subset of 350 women (216 intensive breastfeeding, IBF vs. 134 intensive formula feeding or mixed feeding, IFF/Mixed). The relationship between lactation intensity and circulating metabolites at both baseline and follow-up were evaluated to discover underlying metabolic responses of lactation and to explore the link between these metabolites and T2D risk. Results We observed that lactation intensity was strongly associated with decreased glycerolipids (TAGs/DAGs) and increased phospholipids/sphingolipids at baseline. This lipid profile suggested decreased lipogenesis caused by a shift away from the glycerolipid metabolism pathway towards the phospholipid/sphingolipid metabolism pathway as a component of the mechanism underlying the benefits of lactation. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated that this favorable lipid profile was transient and diminished at 1-2 years postpartum, coinciding with the cessation of lactation. Importantly, when stratifying these 350 women by future T2D status during the follow-up (171 future T2D vs. 179 no T2D), we discovered that lactation induced robust lipid changes only in women who did not develop incident T2D. Subsequently, we identified a cluster of metabolites that strongly associated with future T2D risk from which we developed a predictive metabolic signature with a discriminating power (AUC) of 0.78, superior to common clinical variables (i.e., fasting glucose, AUC 0.56 or 2-h glucose, AUC 0.62). Conclusions In this study, we show that intensive lactation significantly alters the circulating lipid profile at early postpartum and that women who do not respond metabolically to lactation are more likely to develop T2D. We also discovered a 10-analyte metabolic signature capable of predicting future onset of T2D in IBF women. Our findings provide novel insight into how lactation affects maternal metabolism and its link to future diabetes onset. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01967030.