Inhibition of Manual Movements at Speech Arrest Sites in the Posterior Inferior Frontal Lobe

Abstract BACKGROUND Intraoperative stimulation of the posterior inferior frontal lobe (IFL) induces speech arrest, which is often interpreted as demonstration of essential language function. However, prior reports have described “negative motor areas” in the IFL, sites where stimulation halts ongoing limb motor activity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the spatial and functional relationship between IFL speech arrest areas and negative motor areas (NMAs). METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, intraoperative stimulation mapping was performed to localize speech and motor function, as well as arrest of hand movement, hand posture, and guitar playing in a set of patients undergoing awake craniotomy for dominant hemisphere pathologies. The incidence and localization of speech arrest and motor inhibition was analyzed. RESULTS Eleven patients underwent intraoperative localization of speech arrest sites and inhibitory motor areas. A total of 17 speech arrest sites were identified in the dominant frontal lobe, and, of these, 5 sites (29.4%) were also identified as NMAs. Speech arrest and arrest of guitar playing was also evoked by a single IFL site in 1 subject. CONCLUSION Inferior frontal gyrus speech arrest sites do not function solely in speech production. These findings provide further evidence for the complexity of language organization, and suggest the need for refined mapping strategies that discern between language-specific sites and inhibitory motor areas.

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The frontal aslant tract (FAT) and its role in speech, language and executive function

10.1101/249912 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anthony Steven Dick ◽

Dea Garic ◽

Paulo Graziano ◽

Pascale Tremblay

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Structural Connectivity ◽

Language Function ◽

Speech And Language ◽

Putative Role ◽

Frontal Aslant Tract ◽

The Right ◽

Motor Areas

AbstractIn this review, we examine the structural connectivity of a recently-identified fiber pathway, the frontal aslant tract (FAT), and explore its function. We first review structural connectivity studies using tract-tracing methods in non-human primates, and diffusion-weighted imaging and electrostimulation in humans. These studies suggest a monosynaptic connection exists between the lateral inferior frontal gyrus and the pre-supplementary and supplementary motor areas of the medial superior frontal gyrus. This connection is termed the FAT. We then review research on the left FAT’s putative role in supporting speech and language function, with particular focus on speech initiation, stuttering and verbal fluency. Next, we review research on the right FAT’s putative role supporting executive function, namely inhibitory control and conflict monitoring for action. We summarize the extant body of empirical work by suggesting that the FAT plays a domain general role in the planning, timing, and coordination of sequential motor movements through the resolution of competition among potential motor plans. However, we also propose some domain specialization across the hemispheres. On the left hemisphere, the circuit is proposed to be specialized for speech actions. On the right hemisphere, the circuit is proposed to be specialized for general action control of the organism, especially in the visuo-spatial domain. We close the review with a discussion of the clinical significance of the FAT, and suggestions for further research on the pathway.HighlightsThe frontal aslant tract (FAT) is a recently identified fiber pathwayIt connects inferior frontal gyrus with medial frontal motor areasThe left FAT has been associated with speech and language functionThe right FAT has been associated with inhibitory controlBoth FAT pathways may function in sequential motor planning

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Distinct dual cortico-cortical networks successfully identified between supplemental and primary motor areas during intracranial EEG for drug-resistant frontal lobe epilepsy

Epilepsy & Behavior Reports ◽

10.1016/j.ebr.2021.100429 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 100429

Author(s):

Takeshi Inoue ◽

Takehiro Uda ◽

Ichiro Kuki ◽

Naohiro Yamamoto ◽

Shizuka Nagase ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Frontal Lobe ◽

Frontal Lobe Epilepsy ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Cortical Networks ◽

Intracranial Eeg ◽

Motor Areas

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Neuronalis összeköttetések a szomatoszenzoros kérgi área 3b és área 1 kézreprezentációs területén főemlősökben

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/650.2016.30499 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 157 (33) ◽

pp. 1320-1325

Author(s):

Emese Pálfi ◽

Mária Ashaber ◽

Cory Palmer ◽

Robert M. Friedman ◽

Anna W. Roe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Relationship ◽

Hand Movement ◽

Saimiri Sciureus ◽

Skin Area ◽

Tract Tracing ◽

Reciprocal Connections ◽

Representation Method ◽

Local Input ◽

Finger Pad ◽

Area 3B

Introduction: The close functional relationship between areas 3b and 1 of the somatosensory cortex is based on their reciprocal connections indicating that tactile sensation depends on the interaction of these two areas. Aim: The aim of the authors was to explore this neuronal circuit at the level of the distal finger pad representation. Method: The study was made by bidirectional tract tracing aided by neurophysiological mapping in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). Results: Inter-areal connections between the two areas preferred the homologues representations. However, intra-areal connections were formed between the neighboring finger pad representations supporting the physiological observations. Interestingly, the size of the local input area of the injected cortical micro-region, which differed in the two areas, represented the same skin area. Conclusions: The authors propose that intra-areal connections are important in integrating information across fingers, while inter-areal connections are important in maintaining input localization during hand movement. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(33), 1320–1325.

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Cortical language localization in left, dominant hemisphere

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1989.71.3.0316 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 316-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 962

Author(s):

George Ojemann ◽

Jeff Ojemann ◽

E. Lettich ◽

M. Berger

Keyword(s):

Early Life ◽

Classical Model ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Minimal Risk ◽

Language Function ◽

Verbal Intelligence ◽

Dominant Hemisphere ◽

Content Type ◽

A Current

✓ The localization of cortical sites essential for language was assessed by stimulation mapping in the left, dominant hemispheres of 117 patients. Sites were related to language when stimulation at a current below the threshold for afterdischarge evoked repeated statistically significant errors in object naming. The language center was highly localized in many patients to form several mosaics of 1 to 2 sq cm, usually one in the frontal and one or more in the temporoparietal lobe. The area of individual mosaics, and the total area related to language was usually much smaller than the traditional Broca-Wernicke areas. There was substantial individual variability in the exact location of language function, some of which correlated with the patient's sex and verbal intelligence. These features were present for patients as young as 4 years and as old as 80 years, and for those with lesions acquired in early life or adulthood. These findings indicate a need for revision of the classical model of language localization. The combination of discrete localization in individual patients but substantial individual variability between patients also has major clinical implications for cortical resections of the dominant hemisphere, for it means that language cannot be reliably localized on anatomic criteria alone. A maximal resection with minimal risk of postoperative aphasia requires individual localization of language with a technique like stimulation mapping.

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Motor Areas in the Frontal Lobe

Motor Cortex in Voluntary Movements - Frontiers in Neuroscience ◽

10.1201/9780203503584.sec1 ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Richard Dum ◽

Peter Strick

Keyword(s):

Frontal Lobe ◽

Motor Areas

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Differential distribution of activities reflecting planning, preparation, and execution of action in six motor areas of the frontal lobe

Neuroscience Research ◽

10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.1521 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. e347

Author(s):

Yoshihisa Nakayama ◽

Tomoko Yamagata ◽

Nariko Arimura ◽

Jun Tanji ◽

Eiji Hoshi

Keyword(s):

Frontal Lobe ◽

Differential Distribution ◽

Motor Areas

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Gastric Secretion Following Vagosplanchnic Nerve Anastomosis

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1956.184.2.418 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 184 (2) ◽

pp. 418-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anthony M. Imparato ◽

L. Corsan Reid ◽

J. William Hinton

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Gastric Secretion ◽

Functional Relationship ◽

Early Postoperative Period ◽

Insulin Hypoglycemia ◽

Splanchnic Nerves ◽

Nerve Anastomosis ◽

Nerve Anastomoses ◽

Secretory Apparatus ◽

Stimulation Of

Gastric secretion in response to insulin hypoglycemia and electrical stimulation of the vagus was studied in 18 dogs who had bilateral vagosplanchnic anastomoses in the chest. In six dogs the pattern of gastric secretory response to insulin changed from negative in the early postoperative period to positive between 85 and 613 days postanastomosis. In two, apparent return of vagus function was confirmed by electrical stimulation of the vagi. One of five dogs in whom splanchnovagal nerve anastomoses were performed showed a return of response to insulin at 63 days which was abolished by excision of the anastomoses. On the basis of a review of some of the ideas regarding interpretation of cross nerve anastomoses and some of the conflicting opinions regarding the fiber content of the sympathetic splanchnic nerves, the authors conclude the most likely explanation for the observed phenomena is that there are preganglionic cholinergic fibers in the greater splanchnic nerves whose relationship to the gastric secretory apparatus is similar to that of cholinergic fibers in the vagus. The regenerating fibers of the vagus followed the sheaths of these degenerating fibers and re-established functional relationship with the gastric secretory apparatus.

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