Dual role of Ovol2 on the germ cell lineage segregation during gastrulation in mouse embryogenesis

In mammals, primordial germ cells (PGCs), the origin of the germ line, are specified from the epiblast at the posterior region where gastrulation simultaneously occurs, yet the functional relationship between PGC specification and gastrulation remains unclear. Here, we show that Ovol2, a transcription factor conserved across the animal kingdom, balances these major developmental processes by repressing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) driving gastrulation and the upregulation of genes associated with PGC specification. Ovol2a, a splice variant encoding a repressor domain, directly regulates EMT-related genes and consequently induces re-acquisition of potential pluripotency during PGC specification, whereas Ovol2b, another splice variant missing the repressor domain, directly upregulates genes associated with PGC specification. Taken together, these results elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying allocation of the germ line among epiblast cells differentiating into somatic cells through gastrulation.

Roughness sub-layer wind speed model for tropical wooded areas

There are few reports in the literature regarding wind speed near the ground. This work presents a model for wind speed from 4 m above the ground, based on year-round measurements in two meteorological towers. Each tower is equipped with anemometers at five heights, as well as thermometers and pressure and relative humidity sensors. The data is processed using Eureqa artificial intelligence software, which determines the functional relationship between variables using an evolutionary search technique called symbolic regression. Using this technique, models are found for each month under study, in which height and temperature are the variables that most affect wind speed. The model that best predicts the measured wind speeds is then selected. A polynomial function directly proportional to height and temperature is identified as the one that provides the best predictions of wind speed on average, within the rough sub-layer. Finally, future work is identified on testing the model at other locations.

Units of Military Fortification Complex as Phenomenon Elements of the Czech Borderlands Landscape

This paper is focused on selected units of casemates with enhanced fortification in the military fortification complex of the Czech borderlands landscape as specific forms of brownfields. They represent a functional system that interacts with surrounding nature, landscape character, and human society. Four approaches were chosen to study the function and potential of selected individual abandoned casemates with enhanced fortification, where each of them corresponds to one of the four landscape layers: genius loci, socio-economic sphere, functional relationship (between human and the landscape), and natural conditions. There is a corresponding research method for each of the landscape layers (guided interview with respondents, data analysis on abandoned casemates with enhanced fortifications as brownfields, analysis of their landscape functions, and zoological survey of interior). The main results could show that abandoned casemates with enhanced fortifications can play important roles in all landscape layers: stories and genius loci, abandoned casemates with enhanced fortification as a special type of military brownfield but also as a semi-natural ecosystem, and the same time as a habitat for invertebrates. The analyses and surveys conducted clearly demonstrate that abandoned casemates with enhanced fortification as units of military fortification complex of the Czech borderlands landscape perform several hidden important functions in the landscape for which they cannot be viewed as brownfields. This hidden functional potential is most likely best described by the concept of hidden singularity, which offers itself for integration into basic approaches to brownfields.

DESIGN OF DEEP-FERTILIZATION MECHANISM WITH DEFORMED GEARS AND PERFORMANCE TESTS

Deep-fertilization mechanism is a key part of deep-fertilization liquid fertilizer applicator. To obtain a good-performance deep-fertilization mechanism, this study developed a deep-fertilization mechanism with deformed gears and designed a deformed gear fertilization test bench. Single-factor and central composite design tests were performed with the planet carrier, spray hole size and pump pressure as the test factors, and the fertilizer amount as the test index. The results of the single-factor test showed a linear functional relationship between fertilizer amount and pump pressure, an exponential functional relationship between planet carrier velocity and fertilizer amount, and an exponential relationship between spray hole size and fertilizer amount. The rotating and perpendicular test data were analyzed and optimized using Design-Expert 8.0.5 software. The result of the optimization is: 10.5ml of fertilizer amount with pump pressure 0.36MPa, planet carrier velocity 82 r/min, and spray hole size 2 mm. The test result can meet the agronomic requirements.

Two-Dimensional Soil Geometric Tortuosity Model Based on Porosity and Particle Arrangement

Porosity and particle arrangement are important parameters affecting soil tortuosity, so it is of great significance to determine the intrinsic relationship between them when studying soil permeability characteristics. Theoretical derivation and geometric analysis methods are used to derive a two-dimensional geometric tortuosity model. The model is a function of particle arrangement parameters (m and θ) and porosity. An analysis of the model and its parameters shows that: (1) The arrangement of particles is one of the reasons for the different functional relationship between tortuosity and porosity, which proved that the tortuosity is not only related to the porosity but also affected by the particle arrangement. (2) The greater the anisotropy parameter m is, the greater the tortuosity is, indicating m varies when fluid passes through the soil from different sides resulting in different values of permeability. (3) The tortuosity increases with the increase in the blocking parameters θ. (4) With increasing porosity, the influence of the parameters m and θ on the tortuosity gradually decreases, suggesting that the influence of particle arrangement on tortuosity gradually decreases. The results presented here increase the understanding of the physical mechanisms controlling tortuosity and, hence, the process of fluid seepage through soil.

The Role of Evaluating the Financial Performance of Banks using Financial Ratios in Determining Economic Growth A Comparative Study between Iraq and Jordan for the Period (2005-2020)

The research aims to analyze the balance sheet disclosure (the assets side and the liabilities side) and their impact on determining the credit policy of Sumer Commercial Bank with a reference to the Jordan Investment Bank, and extracting growth rates for the variables, as well as using the VAR methodology to clarify the functional relationship between the variables of the two sides of assets and liabilities, and the research concluded that there are A significant relationship between the variables based on Kranger's causal analysis, the variables on the assets side had an upward trend resulting from large investments, which formed the vast majority of total assets, in order for the bank to achieve successes in managing bank liquidity, while the bank failed to manage the liabilities side.

Genomes of keystone Mortierella species lead to better in silico prediction of soil mycobiome functions from Taiwan's offshore islands

The ability to correlate the functional relationship between microbial communities and their environment is critical to understanding microbial ecology. There is emerging knowledge on island biogeography of microbes but how island characteristics influence functions of microbial community remain elusive. Here, we explored soil mycobiomes from nine islands adjacent to Taiwan using ITS2 amplicon sequencing. Geographical distances and island size were positively correlated to dissimilarity in mycobiomes, and we identified 56 zero-radius operational taxonomic units (zOTUs) that were ubiquitously present across all islands, and as few as five Mortierella zOTUs dominate more than half of mycobiomes. Correlation network analyses revealed that seven of the 45 hub species were part of the ubiquitous zOTUs belonging to Mortierella, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Clonostachys and Staphylotrichum. We sequenced and annotated the genomes of seven Mortierella isolates, and comparative predictions of KEGG orthologues using PICRUSt2 database updated with new genomes increased sequence reads coverage by 62.9% at the genus level. In addition, genes associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms were differentially abundant between islands which remained undetected in the original database. Predicted functional pathways were similar across islands despite their geographical separation, difference in differentially abundant genes and composition. Our approach demonstrated the incorporation of the key taxa genomic data can improve functional gene prediction results and can be readily applied to investigate other niches of interests.

CONSTRUCTION OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS USING THE METHODS OF CORRELATION AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS

The article discusses the construction of a mathematical model using the methods of correlation and regression analysis in determining the functional relationship between the quantities. When conducting an experiment, it is often necessary to establish the interdependence between two or more quantities in order to obtain an empirical formula. In some cases, this is a simple task, because these connections are almost obvious or known in advance. As a rule, to establish the relationship between different indicators, factors and characteristics is not a trivial task. There is a need to use some hypothesis in the form of functional dependence. In other words, it is necessary to replace this functional dependence with a fairly simple mathematical expression. Such a mathematical expression can be a linear equation or a polynomial. In order to use such experimental data to determine such a mathematical or functional relationship between variables, the methods of correlation and regression analysis are used. Correlation analysis provides an answer to the statistical hypothesis of the absence or presence of a relationship between variables with some predetermined confidence probability. Determination of the functional dependence between different values on their experimental values is carried out using regression analysis. It is based on the well-known method of least squares. Proposing one or another regression equation, the researcher determines both the very existence of the relationship between variables and its mathematical form. Regression analysis considers the relationship between the dependent quantity and non-dependent variables. This relationship is represented using a mathematical model, that is, an equation that connects the dependent and independent variables. Processing of experimental data using correlation and regression analysis allows us to build a statistical mathematical model in the form of a regression equation. Thus, the methods of correlation and regression analysis are closely related.

An mRNA silencing mechanism reliant on the cooperation between REGE-1/Regnase-1 and RLE-1/Roquin-1

Regnase-1 is an evolutionarily conserved endoribonuclease, degrading diverse mRNAs important, among others, for immune homeostasis, development, and cancer. There are two competing models of Regnase-1 mediated mRNA silencing. One model postulates that Regnase-1 works together with another RNA-binding protein, Roquin-1. The other model proposes that the two proteins function separately. Studying the C. elegans Regnase-1 ortholog, REGE-1, we have uncovered a functional relationship between REGE-1 and the nematode counterpart of Roquin-1, RLE-1. While REGE-1 and RLE-1 associate with mRNA independently of each other, both proteins are essential for mRNA silencing. Intriguingly, the functional interdependence between REGE-1 and RLE-1 is reminiscent of the proposed cooperation between mammalian Regnase-1 and Roquin-1, which may underlie a prototypic silencing mechanism involving both proteins.

The Conventional Nature of Legal Values

The article is devoted to the problem of the nature of legal values, the solution of which is of fundamental importance for the construction of legal theories, in one way or another based on the category of “value”. The purpose of this article is to present and substantiate a theoretical model of legal values in the context of a socio-axiological approach to law, involving consideration of the conventional nature of legal values, as well as to characterize the structural and functional relationship of legal values with the legal order and legal culture. When analyzing modern law, the authors use a socio-axiological approach to law, combining sociological and axiological methodology. At the same time, the authors proceed from a materialistic understanding of values. The article also uses general scientific and private scientific research methods. The authors come to the conclusion that law within the framework of modern philosophical and legal analysis from the standpoint of the socio-axiological approach appears as a system of conventional values formed and transformed within the framework of legal discourse. Theoretical understanding of the conventional nature of such values provides an opportunity to consider many aspects of modern legal theory from a new perspective.