scholarly journals Variation in the life history strategy underlies functional diversity of tumors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Jialin Liu ◽  
Jing Feng ◽  
Zhenzhen Liu ◽  
Sixue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Niche Separation ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Cancer Evolution ◽  
K Cells ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distributions ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract Classical r- vs. K-selection theory describes the trade-offs between high reproductive output and competitiveness and guides research in evolutionary ecology. While its impact has waned in the recent past, cancer evolution may rekindle it. Herein, we impose r- or K- selection on cancer cell lines to obtain strongly proliferative r cells and highly competitive K cells to test ideas on life-history strategy evolution. RNA-seq indicates that the trade-offs are associated with distinct expression of genes involved in the cell cycle, adhesion, apoptosis, and contact inhibition. Both empirical observations and simulations based on an ecological competition model show that the trade-off between cell proliferation and competitiveness can evolve adaptively. When the r and K cells are mixed, they exhibit strikingly different spatial and temporal distributions. Due to this niche separation, the fitness of the entire tumor increases. The contrasting selective pressure may operate in a realistic ecological setting of actual tumors.

scholarly journals Variation in the life history strategy of cells underlies tumor’s functional diversity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Jialin Liu ◽  
Jing Feng ◽  
Zhenzhen Liu ◽  
Sixue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Niche Separation ◽  
Cancer Evolution ◽  
K Cells ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Trade Offs

AbstractClassical r- vs. K-selection theory describes the trade-offs between high reproductive output and competitiveness and guides research in evolutionary ecology1–5. While its impact has waned in the recent past, cancer evolution may rekindle it6–10. Indeed, solid tumors are an ideal theater for r- and K-selection and, hence, a good testing ground for ideas on life-history strategy evolution11,12. In this study, we impose r- or K-selection on HeLa cells to obtain strongly proliferative r cells and highly competitive K cells. RNA-seq analysis indicates that phenotypic trade-offs in r and K cells are associated with distinct patterns of expression of genes involved in the cell cycle, adhesion, apoptosis, and contact inhibition. Both empirical observations and simulations based on an ecological competition model show that the trade-off between cell proliferation and competitiveness can evolve adaptively and rapidly in naïve cell lines. It is conceivable that the contrasting selective pressure may operate in a realistic ecological setting of actual tumors. When the r and K cells are mixed in vitro, they exhibit strikingly different spatial and temporal distributions in the resultant cultures. Thanks to this niche separation, the fitness of the entire tumor increases. Our analyses of life-history trade-offs are pertinent to evolutionary ecology as well as cancer biology.

Experimentally increased costs of parental care are shunted to offspring in species with extended care

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen F. Wagner ◽  
Emeline Mourocq ◽  
Michael Griesser
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Trade Offs

Biparental care systems are a valuable model to examine conflict, cooperation, and coordination between unrelated individuals, as the product of the interactions between the parents influences the fitness of both individuals. A common experimental technique for testing coordinated responses to changes in the costs of parental care is to temporarily handicap one parent, inducing a higher cost of providing care. However, dissimilarity in experimental designs of these studies has hindered interspecific comparisons of the patterns of cost distribution between parents and offspring. Here we apply a comparative experimental approach by handicapping a parent at nests of five bird species using the same experimental treatment. In some species, a decrease in care by a handicapped parent was compensated by its partner, while in others the increased costs of care were shunted to the offspring. Parental responses to an increased cost of care primarily depended on the total duration of care that offspring require. However, life history pace (i.e., adult survival and fecundity) did not influence parental decisions when faced with a higher cost of caring. Our study highlights that a greater attention to intergenerational trade-offs is warranted, particularly in species with a large burden of parental care. Moreover, we demonstrate that parental care decisions may be weighed more against physiological workload constraints than against future prospects of reproduction, supporting evidence that avian species may devote comparable amounts of energy into survival, regardless of life history strategy.

scholarly journals Life history trade-offs in cancer evolution

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 883-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Athena Aktipis ◽  
Amy M. Boddy ◽  
Robert A. Gatenby ◽  
Joel S. Brown ◽  
Carlo C. Maley
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Cancer Evolution ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Physiological demands and nutrient intake modulate a trade-off between dispersal and reproduction based on age and sex of field crickets

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Treidel ◽  
Rebecca M. Clark ◽  
Melissa T. Lopez ◽  
Caroline M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Physiological Demands ◽  
Age And Sex

ABSTRACT Animals adjust resource acquisition throughout life to meet changing physiological demands of growth, reproduction, activity and somatic maintenance. Wing-polymorphic crickets invest in either dispersal or reproduction during early adulthood, providing a system in which to determine how variation in physiological demands, determined by sex and life history strategy, impact nutritional targets, plus the consequences of nutritionally imbalanced diets across life stages. We hypothesized that high demands of biosynthesis (especially oogenesis in females) drive elevated resource acquisition requirements and confer vulnerability to imbalanced diets. Nutrient targets and allocation into key tissues associated with life history investments were determined for juvenile and adult male and female field crickets (Gryllus lineaticeps) when given a choice between two calorically equivalent but nutritionally imbalanced (protein- or carbohydrate-biased) artificial diets, or when restricted to one imbalanced diet. Flight muscle synthesis drove elevated general caloric requirements for juveniles investing in dispersal, but flight muscle quality was robust to imbalanced diets. Testes synthesis was not costly, and life history investments by males were insensitive to diet composition. In contrast, costs of ovarian synthesis drove elevated caloric and protein requirements for adult females. When constrained to a carbohydrate-biased diet, ovary synthesis was reduced in reproductive morph females, eliminating their advantage in early life fecundity over the dispersal morph. Our findings demonstrate that nutrient acquisition modulates dispersal–reproduction trade-offs in an age- and sex-specific manner. Declines in food quality will thus disproportionately affect specific cohorts, potentially driving demographic shifts and altering patterns of life history evolution.

scholarly journals How social behaviour and life-history traits change with age and in the year prior to death in female yellow-bellied marmots

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1823) ◽  
pp. 20190745
Author(s):  
Svenja B. Kroeger ◽  
Daniel T. Blumstein ◽  
Julien G. A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Social Behaviours

Studies in natural populations are essential to understand the evolutionary ecology of senescence and terminal allocation. While there are an increasing number of studies investigating late-life variation in different life-history traits of wild populations, little is known about these patterns in social behaviour. We used long-term individual based data on yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) to quantify how affiliative social behaviours and different life-history traits vary with age and in the last year of life, and how patterns compare between the two. We found that some social behaviours and all life-history traits varied with age, whereas terminal last year of life effects were only observed in life-history traits. Our results imply that affiliative social behaviours do not act as a mechanism to adjust allocation among traits when close to death, and highlight the importance of adopting an integrative approach, studying late-life variation and senescence across multiple different traits, to allow the identification of potential trade-offs.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ageing and sociality: why, when and how does sociality change ageing patterns?’

scholarly journals Variability in life-history switch points across and within populations explained by Adaptive Dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (148) ◽  
pp. 20180371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Landi ◽  
James R. Vonesh ◽  
Cang Hui
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Adaptive Dynamics ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Optimization Theory ◽  
Disruptive Selection ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
Dynamics Of Population

Understanding the factors that shape the timing of life-history switch points (SPs; e.g. hatching, metamorphosis and maturation) is a fundamental question in evolutionary ecology. Previous studies examining this question from a fitness optimization perspective have advanced our understanding of why the timing of life-history transitions may vary across populations and environments. However, in nature we also often observe variability among individuals within populations. Optimization theory, which typically predicts a single optimal SP under physiological and environmental constraints for a given environment, cannot explain this variability. Here, we re-examine the evolution of a single life-history SP between juvenile and adult stages from an Adaptive Dynamics (AD) perspective, which explicitly considers the feedback between the dynamics of population and the evolution of life-history strategy. The AD model, although simple in structure, exhibits a diverse range of evolutionary scenarios depending upon demographic and environmental conditions, including the loss of the juvenile stage, a single optimal SP, alternative optimal SPs depending on the initial phenotype, and sympatric coexistence of two SP phenotypes under disruptive selection. Such predictions are consistent with previous optimization approaches in predicting life-history SP variability across environments and between populations, and in addition they also explain within-population variability by sympatric disruptive selection. Thus, our model can be used as a theoretical tool for understanding life-history variability across environments and, especially, within species in the same environment.

scholarly journals Dynamics in a simple evolutionary-epidemiological model for the evolution of an initial asymptomatic infection stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (21) ◽  
pp. 11541-11550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadi M. Saad-Roy ◽  
Ned S. Wingreen ◽  
Simon A. Levin ◽  
Bryan T. Grenfell
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionarily Stable Strategy ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Epidemiological Model ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Life History Characteristic ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Trade Offs

Pathogens exhibit a rich variety of life history strategies, shaped by natural selection. An important pathogen life history characteristic is the propensity to induce an asymptomatic yet productive (transmissive) stage at the beginning of an infection. This characteristic is subject to complex trade-offs, ranging from immunological considerations to population-level social processes. We aim to classify the evolutionary dynamics of such asymptomatic behavior of pathogens (hereafter “latency”) in order to unify epidemiology and evolution for this life history strategy. We focus on a simple epidemiological model with two infectious stages, where hosts in the first stage can be partially or fully asymptomatic. Immunologically, there is a trade-off between transmission and progression in this first stage. For arbitrary trade-offs, we derive different conditions that guarantee either at least one evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) at zero, some, or maximal latency of the first stage or, perhaps surprisingly, at least one unstable evolutionarily singular strategy. In this latter case, there is bistability between zero and nonzero (possibly maximal) latency. We then prove the uniqueness of interior evolutionarily singular strategies for power-law and exponential trade-offs: Thus, bistability is always between zero and maximal latency. Overall, previous multistage infection models can be summarized with a single model that includes evolutionary processes acting on latency. Since small changes in parameter values can lead to abrupt transitions in evolutionary dynamics, appropriate disease control strategies could have a substantial impact on the evolution of first-stage latency.

scholarly journals Experimental evolution of parasite life-history traits in Strongyloides ratti (Nematoda)

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1617) ◽  
pp. 1467-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Paterson ◽  
Rebecca Barber
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Conspecific Density ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
General Prediction

Evolutionary ecology predicts that parasite life-history traits, including a parasite's survivorship and fecundity within a host, will evolve in response to selection and that their evolution will be constrained by trade-offs between traits. Here, we test these predictions using a nematode parasite of rats, Strongyloides ratti , as a model. We performed a selection experiment by passage of parasite progeny from either early in an infection (‘fast’ lines) or late in an infection (‘slow’ lines). We found that parasite fecundity responded to selection but that parasite survivorship did not. We found a trade-off mediated via conspecific density-dependent constraints; namely, that fast lines exhibit higher density-independent fecundity than slow lines, but fast lines suffered greater reduction in fecundity in the presence of density-dependent constraints than slow lines. We also found that slow lines both stimulate a higher level of IgG1, which is a marker for a Th2-type immune response, and show less of a reduction in fecundity in response to IgG1 levels than for fast lines. Our results confirm the general prediction that parasite life-history traits can evolve in response to selection and indicate that such evolutionary responses may have significant implications for the epidemiology of infectious disease.

scholarly journals Juvenile honest food solicitation and parental investment as a life history strategy: a kin demographic selection model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Garay ◽  
Villő Csiszár ◽  
Tamás F. Móri ◽  
András Szilágyi ◽  
Zoltán Varga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Asexual Population ◽  
Hunger Level ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stage Models ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Informational Uncertainty ◽  
Asexual Populations

AbstractParent-offspring communication remains an unresolved challenge for biologist. The difficulty of the challenge comes from the fact that it is a multifaceted problem with connections to life-history evolution, parent-offspring conflict, kin selection and signalling. Previous efforts mainly focused on modelling resource allocation at the expense of the dynamic interaction during a reproductive season. Here we present a two-stage model of begging where the first stage models the interaction between nestlings and parents within a nest and the second stage models the life-history trade-offs. We show in an asexual population that honest begging results in decreased variance of collected food between siblings, which leads to mean number of surviving offspring. Thus, honest begging can be seen as a special bet-hedging against informational uncertainty, which not just decreases the variance of fitness but also increases the arithmetic mean.Author SummaryParent-offspring communication is a fascinating problem that captures the attention of scientist and layman alike. Parent-offspring interaction is the first interaction with non-self in the life of most young birds and mammals. The future life success of such young animals crucially depends on how successful they are in interacting and communicating with their parents. This communication has different functions: it is important for the offspring to solicit food from the parent and it is important for the parent to be informed about the state (hunger level) of the offspring. There is an optimization problem on top of this level: the parent has to ‘decide’ what part of the available resources should be allocated to the offspring and what part should she keep for herself. Here we show in a probabilistic model that the honest phenotype -where offspring beg only if they are hungry-has a greater growth rate than a selfish type - which begs regardless of its hunger level. This result holds in asexual populations; here honesty serves as a reduction uncertainty for the parents. The improved decision making of the parents -in turn-increases the survival of the offspring as well.

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