scholarly journals What limits limits?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Chun Liu ◽  
Kun Huang ◽  
Yun-Feng Xiao ◽  
Lan Yang ◽  
Cheng-Wei Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Research Field ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
Fundamental Physical

Abstract Physical systems are usually constrained by a variety of limits originating from fundamental physical laws. Breaking a limit typically represents a breakthrough in the related research field. We review different limits in physical systems and discuss the scenarios of “breaking the limit” in three categories, which clarify some mis-interpretations and ambiguities in the literatures.

Comparison of fundamental physical properties of the model cells (protocells) and the living cells reveals the need in protophysiology

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Matveev
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Sodium Pump ◽  
Molecular Model ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
Fundamental Physical

AbstractA hypothesis is proposed about potassium ponds being the cradles of life enriches the gamut of ideas about the possible conditions of pre-biological evolution on the primeval Earth, but does not bring us closer to solving the real problem of the origin of life. The gist of the matter lies in the mechanism of making a delimitation between two environments – the intracellular environment and the habitat of protocells. Since the sodium–potassium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase) was discovered, no molecular model has been proposed for a predecessor of the modern sodium pump. This has brought into life the idea of the potassium pond, wherein protocells would not need a sodium pump. However, current notions of the operation of living cells come into conflict with even physical laws when trying to use them to explain the origin and functioning of protocells. Thus, habitual explanations of the physical properties of living cells have become inapplicable to explain the corresponding properties of Sidney Fox's microspheres. Likewise, existing approaches to solving the problem of the origin of life do not see the need for the comparative study of living cells and cell models, assemblies of biological and artificial small molecules and macromolecules under physical conditions conducive to the origin of life. The time has come to conduct comprehensive research into the fundamental physical properties of protocells and create a new discipline – protocell physiology or protophysiology – which should bring us much closer to solving the problem of the origin of life.

Emergent Causal Laws and Physical Laws

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-635
Author(s):  
Ranpal Dosanjh
Keyword(s):  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Causal Laws ◽  
Strong Emergentism ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
Fundamental Physical

AbstractContrasting accounts of physicalism and strong emergentism face two problems. According to the neutrality problem, contrasting supervenience-based formulations of these positions cannot be neutral with respect to certain unrelated metaphysical commitments. According to the collapse problem, emergent properties can be accounted for using an appropriately expansive physical ontology, rendering strong emergentism metaphysically suspect. I argue that both these problems can be solved with a principled distinction between emergent causal laws and physical laws. I propose such a distinction based on a finite discontinuity in the behavior of fundamental physical constituents as a function of complexity.

scholarly journals Global palliative care research (2002-2020): bibliometric review and mapping analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2021-002982
Author(s):  
Hammoda Abu-Odah ◽  
Alex Molassiotis ◽  
Justina Yat Wa Liu
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Related Research ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Bibliometric Review

Background and objectiveDespite the important benefits of a bibliometric approach on mapping a research field, relatively little efforts have previously been conducted to map and analyse the global trends of palliative care (PC)-related research. This bibliometric review aimed to provide an overall picture and systematic mapping of the state of research trends within the field of PC internationally.MethodsScopus and Web of Science databases were searched to retrieve original articles focusing on PC between 2002 and 2020. Searching was conducted on 5 May 2020, and was updated on 6 May 2021. All retrieved articles were assessed by title and abstract, and the bibliometric metadata of those that met the inclusion criteria were downloaded for analysis. The results were analysed by VOSviewer and Gephi software.ResultsA total of 19,199 articles met the inclusion criteria. Significant growth of the number of published articles was reported by around five-fold from 2002 to 2020. The USA and UK were the most productive countries in terms of the number of papers published and citations. Weak collaborations were observed between low-income or middle-income countries and high-income countries. Cancer-related PC research was the most common focus. Seven clusters of research were identified and included heart failure and cancer prognosis, nursing home, pain and symptoms management, PC knowledge and attitudes, quality improvement of services, PC ethics, and the ongoing assessment of PC services.ConclusionsThere is a need to expand PC-related research to non-cancer diseases. More international research and cross-institutional cooperation is required to address more global PC issues and benefit from wider sharing of expertees, potentially leading to higher quality or more impactful studies. Setting up research agendas and priorities from funding bodies and institutions may also enhance cooperation among researchers.

Physics and Cosmology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Kragh
Keyword(s):  
State Theory ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Physical Knowledge ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
Physical Cosmology ◽  
Edwin Hubble ◽  
Fundamental Physical ◽  
Georges Lemaître

This article considers the role of physics in transforming cosmology into a research field which relies heavily on fundamental physical knowledge. It begins with an overview of astrophysics and the state of physical cosmology prior to the introduction of relativity, followed by a discussion of Albert Einstein’s application of his new theory of gravitation to cosmology. It then examines the development of a theory about the possibility of an expanding universe, citing the work of such scientists as Edwin Hubble, Alexander Friedmann, Georges Lemaître, and George Gamow; the emergence of the field of nuclear archaeology to account for the origins of the early universe; and the controversy sparked by the steady-state theory. It also describes the discovery of a cosmic microwave background of the kind that Alpher and Herman had predicted in 1948 before concluding with a review of modern cosmological hypotheses such as the idea of ‘multiverse’.

Teamwork Behavior

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Tsoutsa ◽  
Panos Fitsilis ◽  
Omiros Ragos
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Advance Research

Teamwork has become an important research field and its contribution to organizational performance has attracted attention of researchers from several disciplines. The development and application of newly emerged technologies such as Industry 4.0, Internet of Things, and cyber physical systems create additional concerns for teamwork which claim to be integrated into existing models. The objective of this chapter is to advance research on teamwork, by facilitating researchers with a review which identifies the key factors that affect teamwork behavior both in human and in agent-based teamwork models, while indicating if and how they are inter-related. A review of related studies was conducted, and, as a result, a range of factors that affect teamwork behavior to both human and agent-based models was identified and analyzed. From the analysis, stand out factors that gain attention while newly-appeared factors are determined from recent studies about models shift towards dynamic and realistic environments. These discoveries point to new aspects of teamwork behavior.

A Novel Cyber Physical Systems Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 4058-4062
Author(s):  
Xiao Wu Liu ◽  
Zhong He Gao ◽  
Ji Guo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Information Technology Industry ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
New Science ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
New Research ◽  
Future Work

Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) is a new science to joint physical and computation together and it can be used in information technology, industry process control and other fields. But its model remains a new research field that needs to be explored. In this paper, we put forward a novel CPS model based on Cognitive Network (CN) and accomplished the combination of CPS and CN. The model was composed of four layers included physical layer, network layer, user layer and cross layer. We discussed every layer in our model in which the functions such as control, communication and so on were described. We also presented the feedback circle in cross layer detailedly. Finally, we explained the suggestion and future work briefly.

scholarly journals Asset deterioration analysis using multi-utility data and multi-objective data mining

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Savic ◽  
O. Giustolisi ◽  
D. Laucelli
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Evolutionary Polynomial Regression ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Physical Laws

Physically-based models derive from first principles (e.g. physical laws) and rely on known variables and parameters. Because these have physical meaning, they also explain the underlying relationships of the system and are usually transportable from one system to another as a structural entity. They only require model parameters to be updated. Data-driven or regressive techniques involve data mining for modelling and one of the major drawbacks of this is that the functional form describing relationships between variables and the numerical parameters is not transportable to other physical systems as is the case with their classical physically-based counterparts. Aimed at striking a balance, Evolutionary Polynomial Regression (EPR) offers a way to model multi-utility data of asset deterioration in order to render model structures transportable across physical systems. EPR is a recently developed hybrid regression method providing symbolic expressions for models and works with formulae based on pseudo-polynomial expressions, usually in a multi-objective scenario where the best Pareto optimal models (parsimony versus accuracy) are selected from data in a single case study. This article discusses the improvement of EPR in dealing with multi-utility data (multi-case study) where it has been tried to achieve a general model structure for asset deterioration prediction across different water systems.

scholarly journals The Contingency of Physical Laws

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-502
Author(s):  
Ferenc Huoranszki
Keyword(s):  
Metaphysical Necessity ◽  
Modal Properties ◽  
Causal Connections ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
Fundamental Physical

The purpose of this paper is to explain the sense in which laws of physics are contingent. It argues, first, that contemporary Humean accounts cannot adequately explain the contingency of physical laws; and second, that Hume’s own arguments against the metaphysical necessity of causal connections are not applicable in this context. The paper concludes by arguing that contingency is an essentially emergent, macroscopic phenomenon: we can understand the contingency of fundamental physical laws only through their relation to the distribution of macroscopic modal properties in the manifest world.

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