Recent Progresses on Experimental Investigations of Topological and Dissipative Solitons in Liquid Crystals

Solitons in liquid crystals have received increasing attention due to their importance in fundamental physical science and potential applications in various fields. The study of solitons in liquid crystals has been carried out for over five decades with various kinds of solitons being reported. Recently, a number of new types of solitons have been observed, among which, many of them exhibit intriguing dynamic behaviors. In this paper, we briefly review the recent progresses on experimental investigations of solitons in liquid crystals.

Solving the ‘Two Times Problem’ With an Information Gathering and Utilizing System (IGUS)

There is a long standing ‘two times problem’ in that a satisfactory reconciliation between the time of physics and that of psychology has not been realized. A partial solution to the past/present/future phenomenon has been successfully given by the Hartle information gathering and processing system (IGUS) view. That model IGUS robot is enhanced here for the entire ‘two times problem’ to deal with not only the temporal experiences of the flow of time but also those of manifest time. A dualistic robot is proposed which has a veridical system of temporal experiences that are compatible with various spacetime cosmologies. It also has an illusory system of corresponding temporal experiences. This dualistic IGUS robot was made possible by discovering temporal experience within the brain that correspond to those of physics. The dualistic theory suggests that the veridical system, as a result of evolution, begets the illusory system to enhance behavioral adaptation. Thus, there is just one fundamental physical time which the brain does, indeed, possess and then enhances with illusory counterparts. Therefore, there should no longer be a need to reify illusory temporal experiences as modern spacetime cosmologies tend to do. Physical time already resides within human time.

Annual Celebratory Days for Scientific Awareness

There is an extreme lack of understanding of science among much of the public. This has many negative repercussions with people denying climate change, believing the earth is flat, thinking that COVID-19 is a hoax, etc. To increase awareness of science and get people interested in studying science, this chapter proposes 17 new annual celebratory days for frequently-used fundamental physical constants. Also, this chapter describes six annual celebratory days previously proposed in publications by Ashu M. G. Solo for increasing awareness of science, especially greenhouse gas emissions that are increasing the severity of climate change.

Isochrone fitting of ACS survey globular clusters using the PAdova and TRieste Stellar Evolution Code (PARSEC)

We present new isochrone fits to color magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of five globular clusters (GCs) including NGC 1261, NGC 1851, NGC 2298, NGC 3201, and NGC 4590. We used archival data obtained from the Advanced Camera for Survey (ACS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The data of these five GCs were collected in F606W (V) and F814W (I) filters. In this study, the isochrone fitting to GC CMDs was analyzed using the PAdova and TRieste Stellar Evolution Code (PARSEC), which is the fundamental tool for age and distance estimation and modelling the evolution of stellar clusters and other galaxies. The main purpose is to estimate the fundamental physical properties of the GC samples using the PARSEC code and compare with results from published articles. The fundamental physical parameters determined in the study are age, metallicity, reddening, and distance modulus. The theoretical isochrone fits properly with the shape of CMD at the turn-off point that can be used to estimate the age and metallicity of clusters. We found that the age of these five GCs; NGC 1261, NGC 1851, NGC 2298, NGC 3201, and NGC 4590 are 12.6±1.0 Gyr, 12.0±1.0 Gyr, 12.7±1.0 Gyr, 12.0±1.0 Gyr, and 13.0±1.0 Gyr, respectively. Among the analyzed clusters, the results show that NGC 4590 is the oldest GC and has lowest metallicity value compare with other cluster samples. Studies of the properties and distribution of GCs play an important role to understand formation and evolution of the Milky Way.

Gravitational cells and gravitational strings as a necessary part of the gravitational field. Obtaining new physical formulas and indicators: the formula for the gravitational constant, the formula for the mass of the hydrogen atom, the formula for the vibrational velocity of a gravitational string, the minimum distance of action of gravitational forces etc.

This study introduces scientific concepts such as gravitational cells and gravitational strings. Gravitational cells and gravitational strings have been organically built into the concept of a gravitational field. This innovation has led to significant scientific results. These results include obtaining the formula for the gravitational constant, the formula for the electron mass, the formula for the mass of the hydrogen atom, the formula for the minimum distance of the action of the gravitational field, etc. All formulas were confirmed by experimental data. In this work, the Planck formula was successfully applied to the gravitational field. A distinctive feature of this study is the fact that most of the new formulas contain only fundamental physical constants (without introducing additional indicators and proportionality coefficients). In this work, the concept of a gravitational quantum is introduced and its value is determined. Also, a new physical constant was obtained - the mass of the gravitational cell of a black hole.

Exploring Pre-Service Teachers’ Previous Knowledge on Fundamental Physical Quantities of Measurement

This study explored pre-service teachers’ previous knowledge on the measurement of some basic quantities and how they are applied in real life situations. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional survey research design was adopted and data gathered using a close ended questionnaire. A total of 315(females 105; males 210) pre-service teachers participated in the study. All participants were on the Four-Year B.Ed Primary Education Programme offering General Biology, General Chemistry and General Physics as core courses. Analysis of the data showed that the pre-service teachers had wrong knowledge of SI units of measurement for these basic quantities. They were in particular unable to identify the SI unit symbols for Time, Mass and Length - practically exchanging upper case letters with lower case ones. They were however able to identify and correctly match measuring devices with their corresponding basic quantities. They could also correctly link these measuring devices to real life situations. Thus though their knowledge of the SI units for the basic quantities was limited, their previous knowledge about them and their measuring devices was good. The study laid bare the significance of assessing pre-service teachers’ previous knowledge. Such assessment exposes the teacher to learner needs, strengths and weaknesses. It also guides and equips the teacher on ‘what’ and ‘how’ to plan lessons for new learning concepts to be effectively delivered in a new learning environment. It was therefore recommended that learners’ prior knowledge should always be revised before introducing them to new learning concepts and activities. Keywords: Pre-service teachers’ previous knowledge, Fundamental physical quantities of measurement, SI units of measurement

Gravitational cells and gravitational strings as a necessary part of the gravitational field. Obtaining new physical formulas and indicators: the formula for the gravitational constant, the formula for the mass of the hydrogen atom, the formula for the vibrational velocity of a gravitational string, the minimum distance of action of gravitational forces etc.

This study introduces scientific concepts such as gravitational cells and gravitational strings. Gravitational cells and gravitational strings have been organically built into the concept of a gravitational field. This innovation has led to significant scientific results. These results include obtaining the formula for the gravitational constant, the formula for the electron mass, the formula for the mass of the hydrogen atom, the formula for the minimum distance of the action of the gravitational field, etc. All formulas were confirmed by experimental data. In this work, the Planck formula was successfully applied to the gravitational field. A distinctive feature of this study is the fact that most of the new formulas contain only fundamental physical constants (without introducing additional indicators and proportionality coefficients). In this work, the concept of a gravitational quantum is introduced and its value is determined. Also, a new physical constant was obtained - the mass of the gravitational cell of a black hole.

FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS c, h, G AND THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF THEIR FORMATION

The work is related to the field of research of fundamental physical constants, in particular – the speed of light in vacuum c, Planck's constant h, gravitational constant G, associated with the foundations of the material world. Therefore, a deeper study of them provides better opportunities for understanding the material world, which is an important and urgent task. It is shown that at the present stage of development of science and technology, these constants are determined at the level of elementary particles and atoms. However, they are formed in the first moments after the emergence of the Universe, when there are still no elementary particles and atoms, which limits the knowledge about of constants. The solution to this problem is the main goal and scientific novelty of the work performed. At the same time, the transition to the Planck values of length, time and mass was applied, on the basis of which the wave and energy parameters of the Unified field of the Universe were determined. This made it possible to obtain mathematical expressions for these constants at the initial level of the material world (before the formation of elementary particles), which deepens scientific knowledge about the Universe.

Gravitational cells and gravitational strings as a necessary part of the gravitational field. Obtaining new physical formulas and indicators (the formula for the gravitational constant, the formula for the mass of the hydrogen atom, etc.)

This study introduces scientific concepts such as gravitational cells and gravitational strings. Gravitational cells and gravitational strings have been organically built into the concept of a gravitational field. This innovation has led to significant scientific results. These results include obtaining the formula for the gravitational constant, the formula for the electron mass, the formula for the mass of the hydrogen atom, the formula for the minimum distance of the action of the gravitational field, etc. All formulas were confirmed by experimental data. In this work, the Planck formula was successfully applied to the gravitational field. A distinctive feature of this study is the fact that most of the new formulas contain only fundamental physical constants (without introducing additional indicators and proportionality coefficients). In this work, the concept of a gravitational quantum is introduced and its value is determined. Also, a new physical constant was obtained - the mass of the gravitational cell of a black hole.