scholarly journals Deep Sequencing of Varicella-Zoster Virus in Aqueous Humor From a Patient With Acute Retinal Necrosis Presenting With Acute Glaucoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna von Hofsten ◽  
Johan Ringlander ◽  
Peter Norberg ◽  
Madeleine Zetterberg ◽  
Maria Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Acute Retinal Necrosis ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Acute Glaucoma ◽  
High Diversity

Abstract We report a case of acute retinal necrosis presenting with acute glaucoma preceding inflammatory signs by several days. High-throughput sequencing on aqueous humor revealed a low-level diversity in the viral genome comparable to diversity seen in cutaneous vesicles in contrast to high diversity in encephalitis.

scholarly journals Viral Loads in Ocular Fluids of Acute Retinal Necrosis Eyes Infected by Varicella-Zoster Virus Treated with Intravenous Acyclovir Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
Tomohito Sato ◽  
Wataru Yamamoto ◽  
Atsushi Tanaka ◽  
Haruna Shimazaki ◽  
Sunao Sugita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Acute Retinal Necrosis ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Acyclovir Treatment ◽  
Intravenous Acyclovir ◽  
Ocular Fluids ◽  
Pcr Test

Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a rare viral endophthalmitis, and human herpesvirus is the principal pathogen. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to avoid visual impairment by ARN, and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is required in advanced cases. In this study, we evaluated the transition of viral load in ocular fluids of ARN eyes with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) after intravenous acyclovir treatment. Fourteen eyes of 13 patients were analyzed retrospectively. All patients received intravenous acyclovir treatment, and eventually, all eyes underwent PPV. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test showed a 100% detection rate in all aqueous humor samples collected before the treatment (Pre-AH), as well as aqueous humor (Post-AH) and vitreous fluid samples (VF), collected during PPV conducted after the treatment. Within eight days or less of acyclovir treatment, viral loads both in AH and VF did not decrease significantly. Furthermore, the viral load of Pre-AH had a strong correlation with that of VH. These data suggest that in ARN eyes with VZV infection, the AH sample for the PCR test was reliable to confirm the pathogen. We propose that short-term treatment of intravenous acyclovir may be insufficient for reducing intraocular viral load, and the Pre-AH sample could be a predictor of viral activity in the eyes after acyclovir treatment.

DETECTION OF ALFACORONAVIRUSES, BETACORONAVIRUSES AND ASTROVIRUSES IN BAT FECAL SAMPLES FROM MOSCOW REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Korneenko ◽  
◽  
А.E. Samoilov ◽  
I.V. Artyushin ◽  
M.V. Safonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses ◽  
Reservoir Hosts ◽  
Blastn Search

In our study we analyzed viral RNA in bat fecal samples from Moscow region (Zvenigorod district) collected in 2015. To detect various virus families and genera in bat fecal samples we used PCR amplification of viral genome fragments, followed by high-throughput sequencing. Blastn search of unassembled reads revealed the presence of viruses from families Astroviridae, Coronaviridae and Herpesviridae. Assembly using SPAdes 3.14 yields contigs of length 460–530 b.p. which correspond to genome fragments of Coronaviridae and Astroviridae. The taxonomy of coronaviruses has been determined to the genus level. We also showed that one bat can be a reservoir of several virus genuses. Thus, the bats in the Moscow region were confirmed as reservoir hosts for potentially zoonotic viruses.

scholarly journals Flow cytometric analysis of T lymphocytes and cytokines in aqueous humor of patients with varicella zoster virus-mediated acute retinal necrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Kang ◽  
Yunbo Wei ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Di Yu ◽  
Yong Tao
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
T Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocytes

Abstract Background The purpose of this study is to investigate the aqueous humor (AH) T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) to elucidate the immunologic inflammatory features of this disorder. Methods Three patients with ARN infected with varicella zoster virus (VZV) who underwent multiple intravitreal injections of ganciclovir were enrolled in this study. The control group consisted of four non-infectious patients with acute anterior uveitis (AAU). Flow cytometric analysis was performed on the lymphocyte subsets from the AH and peripheral blood (PB) samples during the active phase of intraocular inflammation. Five inflammatory cytokines were measured in each AH sample and various clinical characteristics were also assessed. Results VZV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in AH from all the ARN patients, who showed higher CD8+ T lymphocytes population in AH than the AAU patients (p = 0.006). CD4/CD8 ratios of T lymphocytes and the percentage of CD8 + CD25+ T lymphocytes in AH were significantly lower in ARN than in AAU (p = 0.006; p = 0.012). In the ARN patients, the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in AH were higher than those found in PB. The percentage of CD4 + CD25+ T lymphocytes in AH was significantly higher than the proportion in PB in the AAU patients (p = 0.001). Immunoregulatory cytokine Interleukin-10 in AH was significantly elevated in the ARN patients in comparison with the case of the AAU patients (p = 0.036). In ARN, the copy number of VZV DNA in AH positively correlated with the percentage of CD8+ T lymphocytes in AH and negatively correlated with the CD4/CD8 ratio in AH during the course of disease treatment (p = 0.009, r = 0.92; p = 0.039, r = − 0.834). Conclusion The ARN patients caused by VZV had different intraocular T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines profile than those of the non-infectious patients. High percentages of CD8+ T lymphocytes and low CD4/CD8 T cell ratios may be a potential biomarker for diagnosis of viral-infectious uveitis. T lymphocytes examination at the inflammatory sites has the potential to become a useful research tool for differentiating viral and non-viral uveitis.

Flow Cytometric Analysis of T Lymphocytes and Cytokines in Aqueous Humor of Patients with Varicella Zoster Virus-mediated Acute Retinal Necrosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Kang ◽  
Yunbo Wei ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Di Yu ◽  
Yong Tao
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
T Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocytes

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the aqueous humor (AH) T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) to elucidate the immunologic inflammatory features of this disorder.Methods: Three patients with ARN infected with varicella zoster virus (VZV) who underwent multiple intravitreal injections of ganciclovir were enrolled in this study. The control group consisted of four non-viral infectious patients with acute anterior uveitis (AAU). Flow cytometric analysis was performed on the lymphocyte subsets from the AH and peripheral blood (PB) samples during the active phase of intraocular inflammation. Five inflammatory cytokines were measured in each AH sample and various clinical characteristics were also assessed.Results: VZV DNA was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in AH from all the ARN patients, who showed higher CD8+ T lymphocytes population in AH than the AAU patients (p=0.006). CD4/CD8 ratios of T lymphocytes and the percentage of CD8+CD25+ T lymphocytes in AH were significantly lower in ARN than in AAU (p=0.006; p=0.012). In the ARN patients, the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in AH were higher than those found in PB. The percentage of CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes in AH was significantly higher than the proportion in PB in the AAU patients (p=0.001). Immunoregulatory cytokine Interleukin-10 in AH was significantly elevated in the ARN patients in comparison with the case of the AAU patients (p=0.036). In ARN, the copy number of VZV DNA in AH positively correlated with the percentage of CD8+ T lymphocytes in AH and negatively correlated with the CD4/CD8 ratio in AH during the course of disease treatment (p=0.009, r=0.92; p=0.039, r=-0.834).Conclusion: The ARN patients caused by VZV had different intraocular T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines profile than those of the non-viral infectious patients. High percentages of CD8+ T lymphocytes and low CD4/CD8 T cell ratios may be a potential biomarker for diagnosis of viral-infectious uveitis. T lymphocytes examination at the inflammatory sites has the potential to become a useful research tool for differentiating viral and non-viral uveitis.

scholarly journals Deep Sequencing of Viral Genomes Provides Insight into the Evolution and Pathogenesis of Varicella Zoster Virus and Its Vaccine in Humans

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Depledge ◽  
Samit Kundu ◽  
Nancy J. Jensen ◽  
Eleanor R. Gray ◽  
Meleri Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Insight Into

Bilateral acute retinal necrosis due to varicella zóster virus in an elderly patient

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 549-553
Author(s):  
O. Villena-Irigoyen ◽  
L. Echevarría-Lucas ◽  
M. Castro-Gómez ◽  
R.M. Bellido-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patient ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Acute Retinal Necrosis ◽  
Varicella Zoster
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