scholarly journals 468. Specimen pooling conserves additional testing resources when patients’ infection status is correlated: A simulation study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S300-S300
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Rewley
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Heat Map ◽  
Population Prevalence ◽  
Additional Testing ◽  
Batch Sizes ◽  
Pooled Sample

Abstract Background In the early stages of a novel pandemic, testing is simultaneously in high need but low supply, making efficient use of tests of paramount importance. One approach to improve the efficiency of tests is to mix samples from multiple individuals, only testing individuals when the pooled sample returns a positive. Methods I build on current models which assume patients’ sero-status is independent by allowing for correlation betweenconsecutive tests (e.g. if a family were all infected and were all tested together). In this model, I simulate 10,000 patients being tested in sequence, with population sero-prevalence ranging from 1% to 25%, using batch sizes from 3 to 10, and assuming the increased probability of consecutive infections ranged from 0% to 50%. Results I find that as the likelihood of consecutive infected patients increases, the efficiency of specimen pooling increases. As well, the optimal size of the batch increases in the presence of clustered sequences of infected patients. Heat map indicating the manner in which the number of tests needed is reduced as population prevalence and correlation between cases changes. Red indicates that there is no reduction in the number of tests, and blue indicates a near 100% reduction in the number of tests, with intermediate colors indicating intermediate fractions. Conclusion This analysis indicates further improvements in specimen pooling efficiency can begained by taking advantage of the pattern of patient testing. Disclosures Jeffrey Rewley, PhD, MS, American Board of Internal Medicine (Employee)

scholarly journals Experiment and simulation study of the effect of ethanol and compound additives on the urea-based selective non-catalytic reduction process under moderate temperature conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 180969
Author(s):  
Bang Wu ◽  
Ge Pu ◽  
Jiantai Du
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ethanol Decomposition ◽  
Entrained Flow Reactor ◽  
Temperature Window ◽  
Experiment And Simulation

An experiment and simulation study of the effect of using liquid additives on the selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) process is presented, providing a novel way for plants reducing NO X emissions. An experimental study is conducted in an entrained flow reactor, and CHEMKIN is applied for simulation study. Ethanol additive can effectively shift the temperature window of the NO X OUT process to a lower range and the NO X OUT efficiency ranges from 29 to 56% at 700–800°C. Furthermore, ethanol additive has a significant inhibitory effect on ammonia slip. Na 2 SO 4 and C 2 H 5 OH can be combined into a compound additive, which has a synergistic effect on NO reduction. The addition of methanol can greatly promote denitrification efficiency from 650°C to 725°C, indicating the potential of compound additives in NO reduction. The HNCO + OH = H 2 O + NCO pathway is also proven to be enhanced for ethanol decomposition, thereby providing OH•, which is active in NO reduction. Finally, the reaction routes for ethanol on the urea-based SNCR process at the proper temperature are proposed.

scholarly journals Analysis of cutoff point estimation for determining seropositivity in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Dias Domingues ◽  
Helena Mourino ◽  
Nuno Sepulveda
Keyword(s):  
Mixture Models ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Point Estimation ◽  
Cutoff Point ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Virus Antigens ◽  
True Infection ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

In this work will apply mixture models based on distributions from the SMSN family to antibody data against four SARS-CoV-2 virus antigens. Furthermore, since the true infection status of individuals is known a priori, performance measures will be calculated for the methods proposed for cutoff point estimation such as sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. The results of a simulation study will also be presented.

Interprofessional collaborative reasoning by residents and nurses in internal medicine: Evidence from a simulation study

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Blondon ◽  
F. Maître ◽  
V. Muller-Juge ◽  
N. Bochatay ◽  
S. Cullati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Collaborative Reasoning

Geography has a greater effect thanWolbachiainfection on population genetic structure in the spider mite,Tetranychus pueraricola

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-T. Chen ◽  
Y.-K. Zhang ◽  
W.-X. Du ◽  
P.-Y. Jin ◽  
X.-Y. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Symbiotic Bacterium ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWolbachiais an intracellular symbiotic bacterium that infects various spider mite species and is associated with alterations in host reproduction, which indicates the potential role in mite evolution. However, studies ofWolbachiainfections in the spider miteTetranychus pueraricola, a major agricultural pest, are limited. Here, we used multilocus sequence typing to determineWolbachiainfection status and examined the relationship betweenWolbachiainfection status and mitochondrial diversity inT. pueraricolafrom 12 populations in China. The prevalence ofWolbachiaranged from 2.8 to 50%, and three strains (wTpue1,wTpue2, andwTpue3) were identified. We also found double infections (wTpue1 +wTpue3) within the same individuals. Furthermore, thewTpue1 strain caused weak cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) (egg hatchability ~55%), whereas another widespread strain,wTpue3, did not induce CI. There was no reduction in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA diversity among infected individuals, and mtDNA haplotypes did not correspond to specificWolbachiastrains. Phylogenetic analysis and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the distribution of mtDNA and nuclear DNA haplotypes were significantly associated with geography. These findings indicate thatWolbachiainfection inT. pueraricolais complex, butT. pueraricolagenetic differentiation likely resulted from substantial geographic isolation.

The Historical Development of Burden of Treatment Compliance

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Demeter
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Burden Of Treatment ◽  
Specific Goal ◽  
Surrogate Measure ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract A long-standing criticism of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) has been the inequity between the internal medicine ratings and the orthopedic ratings; in the comparison, internal medicine ratings appear inflated. A specific goal of the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, was to diminish, where possible, those disparities. This led to the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health from the World Health Organization in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, including the addition of the burden of treatment compliance (BOTC). The BOTC originally was intended to allow rating internal medicine conditions using the types and numbers of medications as a surrogate measure of the severity of a condition when other, more traditional methods, did not exist or were insufficient. Internal medicine relies on step-wise escalation of treatment, and BOTC usefully provides an estimate of impairment based on the need to be compliant with treatment. Simplistically, the need to take more medications may indicate a greater impairment burden. BOTC is introduced in the first chapter of the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, which clarifies that “BOTC refers to the impairment that results from adhering to a complex regimen of medications, testing, and/or procedures to achieve an objective, measurable, clinical improvement that would not occur, or potentially could be reversed, in the absence of compliance.

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