Geography has a greater effect thanWolbachiainfection on population genetic structure in the spider mite,Tetranychus pueraricola

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-T. Chen ◽  
Y.-K. Zhang ◽  
W.-X. Du ◽  
P.-Y. Jin ◽  
X.-Y. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Symbiotic Bacterium ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWolbachiais an intracellular symbiotic bacterium that infects various spider mite species and is associated with alterations in host reproduction, which indicates the potential role in mite evolution. However, studies ofWolbachiainfections in the spider miteTetranychus pueraricola, a major agricultural pest, are limited. Here, we used multilocus sequence typing to determineWolbachiainfection status and examined the relationship betweenWolbachiainfection status and mitochondrial diversity inT. pueraricolafrom 12 populations in China. The prevalence ofWolbachiaranged from 2.8 to 50%, and three strains (wTpue1,wTpue2, andwTpue3) were identified. We also found double infections (wTpue1 +wTpue3) within the same individuals. Furthermore, thewTpue1 strain caused weak cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) (egg hatchability ~55%), whereas another widespread strain,wTpue3, did not induce CI. There was no reduction in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA diversity among infected individuals, and mtDNA haplotypes did not correspond to specificWolbachiastrains. Phylogenetic analysis and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the distribution of mtDNA and nuclear DNA haplotypes were significantly associated with geography. These findings indicate thatWolbachiainfection inT. pueraricolais complex, butT. pueraricolagenetic differentiation likely resulted from substantial geographic isolation.

Cardiac interoception in neurological conditions and its relevance for dimensional approaches

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Yoris ◽  
Adolfo M. García ◽  
Paula Celeste Salamone ◽  
Lucas Sedeño ◽  
Indira García-Cordero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Source ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Dimensional and transdiagnostic approaches have revealed multiple cognitive/emotional alterations shared by several neuropsychiatric conditions. While this has been shown for externally triggered neurocognitive processes, the disruption of interoception across neurological disorders remains poorly understood. This chapter aims to fill this gap while proposing cardiac interoception as a potential common biomarker across disorders. It focuses on key aspects of interoception, such as the mechanisms underlying different interoceptive dimensions; the relationship among interoception, emotion, and social cognition; and the roles of different interoceptive pathways. It considers behavioral and brain evidence in the context of an experimental and clinical agenda to evaluate the potential role of interoception as a predictor of clinical outcomes, a marker of neurocognitive deficits across diseases, and a general source of insights for breakthroughs in the treatment and prevention of multiple disorders. Finally, future directions to improve the dimensional and transdiagnostic assessment of interoception are outlined.

scholarly journals 468. Specimen pooling conserves additional testing resources when patients’ infection status is correlated: A simulation study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S300-S300
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Rewley
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Heat Map ◽  
Population Prevalence ◽  
Additional Testing ◽  
Batch Sizes ◽  
Pooled Sample

Abstract Background In the early stages of a novel pandemic, testing is simultaneously in high need but low supply, making efficient use of tests of paramount importance. One approach to improve the efficiency of tests is to mix samples from multiple individuals, only testing individuals when the pooled sample returns a positive. Methods I build on current models which assume patients’ sero-status is independent by allowing for correlation betweenconsecutive tests (e.g. if a family were all infected and were all tested together). In this model, I simulate 10,000 patients being tested in sequence, with population sero-prevalence ranging from 1% to 25%, using batch sizes from 3 to 10, and assuming the increased probability of consecutive infections ranged from 0% to 50%. Results I find that as the likelihood of consecutive infected patients increases, the efficiency of specimen pooling increases. As well, the optimal size of the batch increases in the presence of clustered sequences of infected patients. Heat map indicating the manner in which the number of tests needed is reduced as population prevalence and correlation between cases changes. Red indicates that there is no reduction in the number of tests, and blue indicates a near 100% reduction in the number of tests, with intermediate colors indicating intermediate fractions. Conclusion This analysis indicates further improvements in specimen pooling efficiency can begained by taking advantage of the pattern of patient testing. Disclosures Jeffrey Rewley, PhD, MS, American Board of Internal Medicine (Employee)

scholarly journals Quantitative Breast Density in Contrast-Enhanced Mammography

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3309
Author(s):  
Gisella Gennaro ◽  
Melissa L. Hill ◽  
Elisabetta Bezzon ◽  
Francesca Caumo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Density ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Multiple Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Automatic Software ◽  
The Relationship

Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) demonstrates a potential role in personalized screening models, in particular for women at increased risk and women with dense breasts. In this study, volumetric breast density (VBD) measured in CEM images was compared with VBD obtained from digital mammography (DM) or tomosynthesis (DBT) images. A total of 150 women who underwent CEM between March 2019 and December 2020, having at least a DM/DBT study performed before/after CEM, were included. Low-energy CEM (LE-CEM) and DM/DBT images were processed with automatic software to obtain the VBD. VBDs from the paired datasets were compared by Wilcoxon tests. A multivariate regression model was applied to analyze the relationship between VBD differences and multiple independent variables certainly or potentially affecting VBD. Median VBD was comparable for LE-CEM and DM/DBT (12.73% vs. 12.39%), not evidencing any statistically significant difference (p = 0.5855). VBD differences between LE-CEM and DM were associated with significant differences of glandular volume, breast thickness, compression force and pressure, contact area, and nipple-to-posterior-edge distance, i.e., variables reflecting differences in breast positioning (coefficient of determination 0.6023; multiple correlation coefficient 0.7761). Volumetric breast density was obtained from low-energy contrast-enhanced spectral mammography and was not significantly different from volumetric breast density measured from standard mammograms.

scholarly journals Relationship between benzodiazepine prescription, aggressive behavior, and behavioral disinhibition: a retrospective study in a Swiss prison

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Baggio ◽  
Vladan Starcevic ◽  
Patrick Heller ◽  
Karen Brändle ◽  
Irina Franke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Behavioral Disinhibition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Benzodiazepine Use ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed in prisons amidst the controversies surrounding their potential role in causing behavioral disinhibition and aggressive behavior and their association with use and trafficking of illicit and addictive substances. The present study aimed to (1) ascertain the relationship between benzodiazepine prescription (including their dosage and duration of use) and aggressive behavior and behavioral disinhibition in prison and (2) investigate whether there was an association between benzodiazepine prescription, (including their dosage and duration of use) and using and trafficking illicit and addictive substances during imprisonment. Methods Data were extracted from the electronic database of an “open” Swiss prison (n = 1206, 1379 measures) over a 5-year period (2010–2015). Measures included benzodiazepine prescription, duration of benzodiazepine use and mean dosage, and punishable behaviors (physical and verbal aggression, disinhibited but not directly aggressive behaviors, property damage or theft, substance-related offenses, and rule transgression). We assessed the relationship between benzodiazepine prescription and punishable behaviors after propensity score matching. Logistic regressions were also used to test the relationship of benzodiazepine use duration and dosage with punishable behaviors among participants who received benzodiazepines. Results After propensity score matching, benzodiazepine prescription was not significantly associated with any punishable behavior. Among detained persons who took benzodiazepines, there was no significant association of dosage and duration of use with offenses involving illicit or addictive substance use or trafficking. Conclusions Our study did not empirically support the occurrence of increased aggressive or disinhibited behaviors or increased risk of substance abuse in detained persons who received benzodiazepines in prison. This suggests a need to reconsider restrictions in prescribing benzodiazepines in the prison setting.

Are Tetranychus macfarlanei Baker & Pritchard and Tetranychus malaysiensis Ehara (Acari: Tetranychidae) one species? Morphological and molecular evidences for synonymy between these two spider mite species and a note on invasiveness of T. macfarlanei on okra and eggplant in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Mahran Zeity ◽  
Nagappa Srinivas ◽  
Chinnamade Channegowde Gowda
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi Gene ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Study of morphological characters of Tetranychus macfarlanei Baker & Pritchard and Tetranychus malaysiensis Ehara revealed high similarity by comparing all the important characters in addition to the characters pointed out by Ehara to separate those two species. Molecular phylogeny of seven Indian populations of T. macfarlanei and one population of T. malaysiensis from Philippines along with few distantly related species of Tetranychus was attempted. High degree of similarity between these two species at mitochondrial COI gene (96%) as well as ITS2 (rDNA) (96–99%) region was evident. Based on both morphological features and molecular data, T. malaysiensis is proposed as a junior synonym of T. macfarlanei based on ICZN’s law of priority. Also more female characters are prompted in this study to distinctly discriminate T. macfarlanei from its most resembling species, Tetranychus ludeni Zacher. Tetranychus macfarlanei has emerged as a pest of several cultivated crop plants in India. 

Spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) in protected natural areas of Serbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2033
Author(s):  
Ivana Marić ◽  
Irena Međo ◽  
Slobodan Jovanović ◽  
Radmila Petanović ◽  
Dejan Marčić
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
New Hosts

Despite economic importance of Tetranychidae, knowledge regarding diversity of spider mites in the Balkan Peninsula and Southeast Europe is incomplete, especially in protected natural areas. This study presents diversity of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) collected over five growing seasons at 296 locations in 38 protected natural areas of Serbia. A total of 31 spider mite species were found, 10 from Bryobiinae and 21 from Tetranychinae. The species Eotetranychus fagi Zacher was recorded as new to Serbia and this record was also the first one for Southeast Europe. Spider mites were found on host plants in five basic types as well as many subtypes of terrestrial habitats, with woodland as the most dominant one. A total of 151 plant species from 44 families were recorded as hosts for spider mites including new world records: 60 new hosts for family Tetranychidae and 41 new hosts for 21 spider mite species. Host plants from Rosaceae family harbored the highest number of spider mite species (16). A considerable number of species was found on host plants from the families Betulaceae (11), Asteraceae (10) and Sapindaceae (10). Two cosmopolitan spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch and Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov & Nikolskii, were clearly distinguished with 67 (7 new) and 43 (13 new) recorded host species, respectively; among newly recorded hosts for Tetranychidae family, these two mite species were found on 27 and 12 hosts, respectively. After the two most common species, the most striking was the presence of Bryobia praetiosa Koch with 24 (4 new) recorded host plants, followed by Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher), Eotetranychus carpini (Oudemans) and Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten), with 21 (7 new), 20 (6 new) and 16 (2 new) hosts, respectively. The remaining tetranychids were found on 1–9 host plant species. This study provided the first insight into diversity of tetranychids in Serbian protected areas. Further research in this field should focus on mites from host plants representative of specific areas and habitats, including endangered, endemic and relict species.

scholarly journals Influence of dietary protein on Dahl salt-sensitive hypertension: a potential role for gut microbiota

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (5) ◽  
pp. R907-R914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine M. Abais-Battad ◽  
David L. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Salt Sensitive Hypertension ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

High blood pressure affects 1.39 billion adults across the globe and is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. Hypertension is a multifaceted disease with known genetic and environmental factors contributing to its progression. Our studies utilizing the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat have demonstrated the remarkable influence of dietary protein and maternal environment on the development of hypertension and renal damage in response to high salt. There is growing interest in the relationship between the microbiome and hypertension, with gut dysbiosis being correlated to a number of pathologies. This review summarizes the current literature regarding the interplay among dietary protein, the gut microbiota, and hypertension. These studies may provide insight into the effects we have observed between diet and hypertension in Dahl SS rats and, we hope, lead to new perspectives where potential dietary interventions or microbiota manipulations could serve as plausible therapies for hypertension.

scholarly journals Pathogen Threat and In-group Cooperation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Imada ◽  
Nobuhiro Mifune
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Behavioral Immune System ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intergroup Behavior

Disease-causing parasites and pathogens play a pivotal role in intergroup behavior. Previous studies have suggested that the selection pressure posed by pathogen threat has resulted in in-group assortative sociality, including xenophobia and in-group favoritism. While the current literature has collated numerous studies on the former, strikingly, there has not been much research on the relationship between pathogen threat and in-group cooperation. Drawing upon prior studies on the function of the behavioral immune system (BIS), we argued that the BIS might facilitate cooperation with in-group members as a reactive behavioral immune response to pathogen threat. More specifically, we held that individuals might utilize cooperative behavior to ensure that they can receive social support when they have contracted an infectious disease. We reviewed existing findings pertaining to the potential role of the BIS in in-group cooperation and discussed directions for future studies.

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