Myositis caused by Trachipleistophora hominis in a person with HIV: the first case in Thailand
Abstract Background To date, the cases of extraintestinal microsporidiosis have been increasingly reported in both otherwise healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Among them, microsporidial myositis is very rare (2,3). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of microsporidial myositis caused by Trachipleistophora hominis in a patient with HIV in Thailand. Case presentation A Thai male with HIV presented with fever and muscle pain at both anterior thighs and left arm for 3 months. Muscle biopsy was performed, and pathology exhibited neutrophils infiltrates and focal aggregations of microsporidial spores. The 18S ribosomal RNA sequence revealed the species of this microsporidium as Trachipleistophora hominis (T. hominis), and albendazole of 800 mg/day was initiated. He gradually improved, and was discharged home 6 weeks after hospitalization. Conclusion to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of microsporidial myositis caused by Trachipleistophora hominis in a person with HIV in Thailand.