scholarly journals 745. Surveillance for Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infections During 2016–2017 and 2017–2018, United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S267-S268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Spencer ◽  
Ha Nguyen ◽  
Anwar Abd Elal ◽  
Jennifer Laplante ◽  
Kirsten St George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Standard Case ◽  
Oseltamivir Resistance ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

Abstract Background Three neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are approved and recommended for treatment of influenza in the United States; however, antiviral resistance can emerge during or after treatment, and sporadic resistant viruses unrelated to NAI exposure may occur, especially in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Limited transmission of oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses between persons has also occurred. Oseltamivir resistance is most commonly caused by an H275Y substitution in the neuraminidase (NA). We describe findings from surveillance for oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Methods The CDC requested state public health laboratories to submit up to eight viruses (two of each subtype/lineage) every 2 weeks for virus sequencing and NA inhibition assay testing; up to five additional A(H1N1)pdm09 clinical specimens were requested for H275Y pyrosequencing. NA sequencing and functional phenotypic NA inhibition assays were performed on drug-resistant virus isolates. A standard case form was collected on persons infected with oseltamivir-resistant viruses. Results From October 1, 16 to April 18, 18, 1,368 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were tested (median 89 specimens, range 20–328, tested/month during the influenza season). Overall, 12 (~0.9%) oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were detected from nine states; all contained H275Y in the NA. All viruses were also resistant to peramivir, but none to zanamivir. The 12 patients had a median age of 34 years (range, 2 months–69 years). Eight (67%) had an immunosuppressive condition. Six (50%) reported no exposure to NAIs before specimen collection, two were taking oseltamivir (for 1 and 20 days) at the time of specimen collection, and antiviral receipt was unknown for 4. Three (23%) patients were hospitalized; there were no deaths. Conclusion During the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 influenza seasons, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses resistant to both oseltamivir and peramivir were infrequently detected; all retained susceptibility to zanamivir. Among those with available information, half had no exposure to oseltamivir. Viruses harboring H275Y continue to circulate at low levels in the community. Ongoing surveillance for trends in oseltamivir- and peramivir-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 is critical to inform clinical care and public health policies. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Planning for the Control of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in Los Angeles County and the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 173 (10) ◽  
pp. 1121-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Chao ◽  
L. Matrajt ◽  
N. E. Basta ◽  
J. D. Sugimoto ◽  
B. Dean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

scholarly journals Household Transmission of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus in the United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 361 (27) ◽  
pp. 2619-2627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Cauchemez ◽  
Christl A. Donnelly ◽  
Carrie Reed ◽  
Azra C. Ghani ◽  
Christophe Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Household Transmission ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

scholarly journals Surveillance for Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infections During 2015–2016, United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Spencer ◽  
Ha Nguyen ◽  
Anwar Abd Elal ◽  
Angela P. Campbell ◽  
Jennifer Laplante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Pdm09 Virus ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

scholarly journals Epidemiology of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Deaths in the United States, April-July 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S60-S68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Fowlkes ◽  
P. Arguin ◽  
M. S. Biggerstaff ◽  
J. Gindler ◽  
D. Blau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

scholarly journals Hospitalized Patients with 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection in the United States—September–October 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S50-S59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Skarbinski ◽  
Seema Jain ◽  
Anna Bramley ◽  
Esther J. Lee ◽  
Jean Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
H1n1 Virus Infection

scholarly journals Identification and Epidemiology of Severe Respiratory Disease due to Novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection in Alberta

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. e151-e157
Author(s):  
George Zahariadis ◽  
Ari R Joffe ◽  
James Talbot ◽  
Albert deVilliers ◽  
Patricia Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Severe Respiratory Infection

BACKGROUND: In March 2009, global surveillance started detecting cases of influenza-like illness in Mexico. By mid-April 2009, two pediatric patients were identified in the United States who were confirmed to be infected by a novel influenza A (H1N1) strain. The present article describes the first identified severe respiratory infection and the first death associated with pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) in Canada.METHODS: Enhanced public health and laboratory surveillance for pH1N1 was implemented throughout Alberta on April 24, 2009. Respiratory specimens from all patients with a respiratory illness and travel history or those presenting with a severe respiratory infection requiring hospitalization underwent screening for respiratory viruses using molecular methods. For the first severe case identified and the first death due to pH1N1, histocompatibility leukocyte antigens were compared by molecular methods.RESULTS: The first death (a 39-year-old woman) occurred on April 28, 2009, and on May 1, 2009, a 10-year-old child presented with severe respiratory distress due to pH1N1. Both patients had no travel or contact with anyone who had travelled to Mexico; the cases were not linked. Histocompatibility antigen comparison of both patients did not identify any notable similarity. pH1N1 strains identified in Alberta did not differ from the Mexican strain.CONCLUSION: Rapid transmission of pH1N1 continued to occur in Alberta following the first death and the first severe respiratory infection in Canada, which were identified without any apparent connection to Mexico or the United States. Contact tracing follow-up suggested that oseltamivir may have prevented ongoing transmission of pH1N1.

scholarly journals Pandemic H1N1 influenza: predicting the course of a pandemic and assessing the efficacy of the planned vaccination programme in the United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (41) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Towers ◽  
Z Feng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Control And Prevention

We use data on confirmed cases of pandemic influenza A(H1N1), disseminated by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(US CDC), to fit the parameters of a seasonally forced Susceptible, Infective, Recovered (SIR) model. We use the resulting model to predict the course of the H1N1 influenza pandemic in autumn 2009, and we assess the efficacy of the planned CDC H1N1 vaccination campaign. The model predicts that there will be a significant wave in autumn, with 63% of the population being infected, and that this wave will peak so early that the planned CDC vaccination campaign will likely not have a large effect on the total number of people ultimately infected by the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus.

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