Leipzig, Saxony, and Lutheran Orthodoxy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Sposato
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Reformation Theology ◽  
Lutheran Orthodoxy ◽  
Catholic Liturgy

This chapter examines the dominance of Lutheran orthodoxy in Leipzig from the beginning of the German Reformation to the nineteenth century. Lutheran orthodoxy was an older, more Catholic form of Lutheranism that was closer to Luther’s earliest teachings. Saxony was divided between Albertine Saxony (Catholic) and Ernestine Saxony (Lutheran). Because it was an important Catholic city, Leipzig’s adoption of Lutheranism in 1539 retained all aspects of Catholic liturgy that were not in direct conflict with Reformation theology. In 1697, the conversion of Elector Friedrich August I created a situation of a Catholic monarch in Dresden ruling over the Reformation stronghold of Saxony. This paradox would influence church theology and music for centuries, including the retention of a sixteenth-century liturgy that resembled the Catholic liturgy, along with corresponding music. Pietism and rationalism were also threats to Lutheran orthodoxy. Church Superintendent Johann Georg Rosenmüller would modernize the liturgy beginning in 1785.

Select document: Catholic ownership of tithes: a County Wexford widow’s dispensation, 1595

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (162) ◽  
pp. 336-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Mac Cuarta
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Catholic Priests ◽  
Ecclesiastical Authority ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Church Of Ireland ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Church

AbstractDown to the mid-nineteenth century, the rural population in Ireland was obliged by law to contribute to the upkeep of the Church of Ireland clergy by means of tithes, a measure denoting a proportion of annual agricultural produce. The document illustrates what was happening in the late sixteenth century, as separate ecclesial structures were emerging, and Catholics were beginning to determine how to support their own clergy. Control of ecclesiastical resources was a major issue for the Catholic community in the century after the introduction of the Reformation. However, for want of documentation the use of tithes to support Catholic priests, much less the impact of this issue on relationships within that community, between ecclesiastics and propertied laity, has been little noted. This text – a dispensation to hold parish revenues, signed by a papally-appointed bishop ministering in the south-east – illustrates how the recusant community in an anglicised part of Ireland addressed some issues posed by Catholic ownership of tithes in the 1590s. It exemplifies the confusion, competing claims, and anxiety of conscience among some who benefited from the secularisation of the church’s medieval patrimony; it also preserves the official response of the relevant Catholic ecclesiastical authority to an individual situation.

‘Some of the Grandest and Most Illustrious Beauties of the Reformation’: John Elias and the Battle over Calvinism in Early-Nineteenth-Century Welsh Methodism

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ceri Jones
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Late Eighteenth

This article seeks to re-examine the arguments among early nineteenth-century Welsh Calvinistic Methodists about Calvinist beliefs. In particular, it uses the example of John Elias to explore the appropriation and re-appropriation of aspects of the theological heritage of the sixteenth-century Reformation in Wales. Examining the tensions between Calvinism‘s tendency to ever stricter interpretation and pressure in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries to liberalize Calvinistic Methodisms position under the influence of evangelicalism, it argues that Elias emerged as a defender of the moderate Calvinism that had been forged by Howel Harris and Daniel Rowland in the previous century.

The Study and Editing of the Vernacular Chronicles

After Alfred ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Pauline Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter surveys interest in the vernacular Anglo-Saxon chronicles from the sixteenth century to the twentieth, together with their study and editing. It sees these endeavours as both scholarly and antiquarian, but they also as linked to periods of definition of, and concern with, England and Englishness from the Reformation through to nineteenth-century medievalism. It discusses successive editions and their presentation of these chronicles, and argues that editions have not been neutral but have played a role in constructing these texts as a single national chronicle. It stresses the importance of the most recent editions, which present each chronicle separately.

scholarly journals Sixteenth-Century Philosophy and Theology after John Mair

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
Giovanni Gellera
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
University Reform ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Reformation Theology ◽  
The Status

This chapter investigates the concept and theological use of philosophy in Scotland after John Mair. Until the 1570s, philosophy in Scotland was in the tradition of scholasticism. After the Reformation, Melville’s university reform changed the philosophical landscape. Across Europe, the first generation of the Reformers had taught that scholasticism and Aristotle were not necessary for the Christian faith, and philosophers and theologians alike had to rethink the traditional scholasticism of Catholic legacy. This intellectual change is traced here with a focus on the role, scope, and autonomy of philosophy with respect to theology. After the dismissal of Aristotelo-scholasticism, both scholasticism and Aristotelianism survived in the universities in new forms adapted to Reformation theology. Aristotle in particular, regarded as the personification of unassisted natural reason, retained his importance. The status of Aristotle is a good indicator of the prevailing concept of philosophy.

The Age of Uncertainty: Britain in the Early-Nineteenth Century

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 91-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Eastwood
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Age Of Exploration ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Ideological Assumptions

One does not have to be a card-carrying postmodernist to understand that historical periods do not possess inherent characteristics. ‘Eras of Reform’, ‘Ages of Revolution’, ‘Triumphs of Reform’, and ‘Centuries of Reformation’ exist only in, and as, texts. They represent, in the simplest of forms, readings of the past. The nomenclatures we employ to demarcate and characterise particular historical moments embody fundamental ideological assumptions, encapsulating an idée fixe, and exposing the crux of the creative—or, if you prefer, the scholarly—process. Traditionalists might already be crying foul, insisting that our titles, or period characterisations, reflect rather than impute salience. History, as Geoffrey Elton might have instructed us, reports rather than constructs the past. The writing of history, Elton suggested in 1967, ‘amounts to a dialogue between the historian and his materials. He supplies the intelligence and the organising ability, but he can interpret and organise only within the limits set by his materials. And those are the limits created by a true and independent past.’ Revealingly, though, our book titles generally describe or construct processes, rather than recall events; and processes are abstractions whose full meaning, as Vico told us long ago, is apparent only in retrospect. Of course the Reformation happened, but not in the same way as the Battle of Trafalgar happened. Thus describing the sixteenth century as ‘The Age of Reformation’ orders the experience of the European West in a very particular way. It was also, and some might say equally, an age of exploration, of empire, of inflation, of hunger, and of the explosion of print culture.

Liturgical Theology before 1600

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-68
Author(s):  
Stephen Mark Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Liturgical Theology ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Scriptural Exegesis ◽  
Catholic Reform ◽  
Public Worship ◽  
Catholic Liturgy

Liturgical interpretation is the analysis of public worship using the methods of patristic and medieval scriptural exegesis. It was a central part of Scottish religious culture and education before 1560 and popular among clerics committed to Catholic Reform. Wishart and Knox’s Reformed critique of Catholic ceremonial made liturgical interpretation an important part of mid-sixteenth-century debate. While Protestant and Catholic liturgy and theology differed greatly, both sides used the same method to interpret their worship and this, meaning that the Reformation divide in Scotland was not as wide as the protagonists claimed, has historical and ecumenical implications.

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