Street-Involved Youth Talk

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-46
Author(s):  
Doug Magnuson ◽  
Mikael Jansson ◽  
Cecilia Benoit
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Early Life Experience ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Risky Business ◽  
Business Study

Chapter 2 describes the Risky Business study, which is the source of the primary data for this book, including an overview of the street-involved youth sample. This study was a panel study, with five waves of data collected over roughly 10 years. More than 200 youth in Victoria, British Columbia, between the ages of 14 and 18 were recruited, and by the fifth wave, 64 young people were still street-involved. Of these, 22 identified as Indigenous and 38 as women. Eight had been in permanent foster care, and another 24 had some experience in foster care. The mean age of independence from guardian was 14.7 years. Almost all had some early-life experience with trauma and long periods of familial instability. Being on the street was widely perceived as an improvement in life circumstances, and most youth reported surprisingly high levels of hopefulness and peer support.

scholarly journals Rearing experience with ramps improves specific learning and behaviour and welfare on a commercial laying farm

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate I. Norman ◽  
Claire A. Weeks ◽  
John F. Tarlton ◽  
Christine J. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Early Life Experience ◽  
Bone Damage ◽  
Specific Learning

AbstractTo access resources in commercial laying houses hens must move between levels with agility to avoid injury. This study considered whether providing ramps during rear improved the ability of birds to transition between levels. Twelve commercial flocks (2000 birds/flock) on a multi-age site were examined between 1 and 40 weeks of age. All birds had access to elevated perching structures from 4 days of age. Six treatment flocks were also provided with ramps during rear to facilitate access to these structures. Flocks were visited three times during rear and three times at lay to record transitioning behaviour and use of the elevated structures, together with scores for keel bone and feather damage. Ramp reared flocks used the elevated structures to a greater extent at rear (P = 0.001) and at lay, when all flocks had ramps, showed less hesitancy [i.e. pacing (P = 0.002), crouching (P = 0.001) and wing-flapping (P = 0.001)] in accessing levels. Mean levels of keel bone damage were reduced in ramp reared flocks (52%) compared with control flocks (64.8%) at 40 weeks of age (P = 0.028). The early life experience of the ramp reared flocks enabled specific learning that translated and persisted in later life and resulted in overall welfare benefits.

scholarly journals Early-Life Experience, Epigenetics, and the Developing Brain

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Kundakovic ◽  
Frances A Champagne
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Developing Brain ◽  
Early Life Experience

scholarly journals Serotonin deficiency alters susceptibility to the long-term consequences of adverse early life experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Sachs ◽  
Ramona M. Rodriguiz ◽  
Ha L. Tran ◽  
Akshita Iyer ◽  
William C. Wetsel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Early Life Experience ◽  
Serotonin Deficiency ◽  
Long Term Consequences

scholarly journals What does a neuron learn from multisensory experience?

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 883-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghong Xu ◽  
Liping Yu ◽  
Terrence R. Stanford ◽  
Benjamin A. Rowland ◽  
Barry E. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Rearing Environment ◽  
Early Life Experience ◽  
Environmental Events ◽  
Cat Superior Colliculus ◽  
Maturational Process ◽  
Multisensory Experience

The brain's ability to integrate information from different senses is acquired only after extensive sensory experience. However, whether early life experience instantiates a general integrative capacity in multisensory neurons or one limited to the particular cross-modal stimulus combinations to which one has been exposed is not known. By selectively restricting either visual-nonvisual or auditory-nonauditory experience during the first few months of life, the present study found that trisensory neurons in cat superior colliculus (as well as their bisensory counterparts) became adapted to the cross-modal stimulus combinations specific to each rearing environment. Thus, even at maturity, trisensory neurons did not integrate all cross-modal stimulus combinations to which they were capable of responding, but only those that had been linked via experience to constitute a coherent spatiotemporal event. This selective maturational process determines which environmental events will become the most effective targets for superior colliculus-mediated shifts of attention and orientation.

Early life experience drives structural variation of neural genomes in mice

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 359 (6382) ◽  
pp. 1395-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy A. Bedrosian ◽  
Carolina Quayle ◽  
Nicole Novaresi ◽  
Fred. H. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Structural Variation ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Early Life Experience
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