The Third Month

2019 ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
Vanessa LoBue
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Potential Intervention ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Common

This chapter describes the development of the infant in the third month of life. After being warned by her pediatrician that her son has a flat head from sleeping on his back, the author discusses the common newborn issues of plagiocephaly and torticollis, how these diagnoses became popular, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and how back sleeping might slow the development of motor milestones. She goes on to describe the development of infants’ motor skills like sitting, crawling, and walking, and the factors (including back sleeping) that might affect the timing of motor milestones. She concludes with a discussion of potential intervention strategies for babies with plagiocephaly.

Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of the National Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Foundation

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-274
Author(s):  
ABRAHAM B. BERGMAN
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Insurance Policy ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
The Common

When 6-month-old Mark Addison Roe of Greenwich, CT, died suddenly and unexpectedly in October 1958, his parents were told that the cause was "acute bronchial pneumonia." In those days, "it" was called by many names, such as suffocation, overlaying, aspiration, or various forms of pneumonia. The common thread was that all of the terms connoted that parents were either directly, or indirectly, by virtue of failing to secure medical care, responsible for the infant's death. Mark's death might have been the end of it were it not for the existence of a life insurance policy that his grandparents had bought at the time of his birth.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-36
Author(s):  
Sheryl Yanger
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
The Third ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Scene Investigation

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the third leading cause of infant mortality in the United States. SIDS is defined as the sudden death of an infant younger than age 1 year that cannot be explained after a thorough investigation, including autopsy, scene investigation, and clinical history. Despite research and advances in understanding of SIDS, it remains a diagnosis of exclusion after ruling out accidental causes such as suffocation/strangulation and cardiac, infectious, metabolic, or traumatic etiologies. Although the exact pathogenesis is unknown, a working model of SIDS includes a combination of exogenous factors, such as overbundling, prone sleep position, and airway obstruction, and intrinsic factors such as immature cardiorespiratory or arousal systems.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Child Abuse

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-147
Author(s):  
John F. Hick
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Prolonged Apnea ◽  
The Common ◽  
Family Chronicle

In reporting two siblings who succumbed to "sudden infant death syndrome," Steinschneider exposes an unparalleled family chronicle of infant death.1 Of five children, four died in early infancy and the other died without explanation at age 28 months. Prolonged apnea is proposed as the common denominator in the deaths, yet the author leaves many questions relevant to the fate of these children unanswered. Apnea of greater than 15 seconds has been well documented for the two siblings studied.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Child Abuse

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 944-944
Author(s):  
J. F. Hick
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Prolonged Apnea ◽  
The Common ◽  
Family Chronicle

In reporting two siblings who succumbed to "sudden infant death syndrome," Steinschneider exposes an unparalleled family chronicle of infant death.1 Of five children, four died in early infancy and the other died without explanation at age 28 months. Prolonged apnea is proposed as the common denominator in the deaths, yet the author leaves many questions relevant to the fate of these children unanswered.

Development of cardiac innervation, ventricular fibrillation, and sudden infant death syndrome

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. H1514-H1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stramba-Badiale ◽  
M. Lazzarotti ◽  
P. J. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sinus Node ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Cardiac Innervation ◽  
Electrical Stability ◽  
The Third

The effects of bilateral vagotomy and of right, left, and bilateral stellectomy on sinus node and on ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) were assessed in three groups of puppies (1, 3, and 5 wk old) and one group of adult dogs. Heart rate was increased by vagotomy and reduced by right stellectomy in all groups. After vagotomy, VFT did not change in the first week, while it decreased in the third week (-21%, P < 0.0001), in the fifth week (-20%, P < 0.001) and in the adults dogs (-18%, P < 0.005). VFT was not modified by right stellectomy in the first week and in the fifth week (0%, NS), while it decreased in the third week (-28%, P < 0.05) and in the adults (-32%, P < 0.001). Left stellectomy, performed after right stellectomy, increased VFT in the third week (+52%, P < 0.05), in the fifth week (+62%, P < 0.001), and in the adults (+45%, P < 0.01). Thus removal of either vagal or right cardiac sympathetic activity increases susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation already during the first weeks of life. By contrast, removal of left sympathetic nerves increases cardiac electrical stability. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a developmental abnormality in cardiac innervation may play a role in the genesis of some cases of sudden infant death syndrome.

scholarly journals High serum serotonin in sudden infant death syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (29) ◽  
pp. 7695-7700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin L. Haynes ◽  
Andrew L. Frelinger ◽  
Emma K. Giles ◽  
Richard D. Goldstein ◽  
Hoa Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Postconceptional Age ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Serum Serotonin

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the leading cause of postneonatal infant mortality, likely comprises heterogeneous disorders with the common phenotype of sudden death without explanation upon postmortem investigation. Previously, we reported that ∼40% of SIDS deaths are associated with abnormalities in serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in regions of the brainstem critical in homeostatic regulation. Here we tested the hypothesis that SIDS is associated with an alteration in serum 5-HT levels. Serum 5-HT, adjusted for postconceptional age, was significantly elevated (95%) in SIDS infants (n = 61) compared with autopsied controls (n = 15) [SIDS, 177.2 ± 15.1 (mean ± SE) ng/mL versus controls, 91.1 ± 30.6 ng/mL] (P = 0.014), as determined by ELISA. This increase was validated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Thirty-one percent (19/61) of SIDS cases had 5-HT levels greater than 2 SDs above the mean of the controls, thus defining a subset of SIDS cases with elevated 5-HT. There was no association between genotypes of the serotonin transporter promoter region polymorphism and serum 5-HT level. This study demonstrates that SIDS is associated with peripheral abnormalities in the 5-HT pathway. High serum 5-HT may serve as a potential forensic biomarker in autopsied infants with SIDS with serotonergic defects.

Episodic Complete Airway Obstruction in Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-827
Author(s):  
Dorothy H. Kelly ◽  
Daniel C. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Central Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Obstructive Apnea ◽  
The Third ◽  
Polygraphic Recordings

Four infants with episodic silent complete obstructed apnea are described. All had central sleep apnea, three had hypoventilation, and none had obstructive apnea observed on polygraphic recordings. Two infants were siblings of a sudden infant death syndrome victim and one was a sibling of a "near miss" infant. One infant died as a result of a prolonged episode that began while she was awake. In two infants apnea has been controlled with theophylline administration and in the third infant resolution of the episode was temporally related to atropine administration.

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